Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Haven't decide it yet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Haven't choose it yet - Essay Example Intermingling in the realm of media is tied in with having an agreement between at least two organizations that utilizes the Internet as a medium so as to draw in more buyers to disparage their items and administrations. By expanding the extent of the administrations a media transmission is offering its objective purchasers, the organization is making upper hands against its competetitors. relationship into the act of diversifying inside a similar organization. In the book of Henry Jenkins entitled â€Å"Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide†, the writer talked about union as a social procedure that coordinates the utilization of pictures, sounds, brands, and business relationship among the various media framework. Considering the way that the business relationship among the various kinds of media framework is being incorporated, this examination will lead an essential and optional exploration to inspect and decide how it is conceivable to establishment media in a telecom organization. The all out number of Internet clients in the United States has arrived at 427,569,939 or 46.1% of America’s complete populace starting at 2009 (Internet World Stats). In view of the constantly expanding number of Internet clients everywhere throughout the world, the presence of the Internet has been grouped by Jenkins as a â€Å"active medium† (Jenkins, Confessions of an Aca-Fan). Without incorporating the media transmission administrations with the entrance to the Internet, the nearness of the cell phones are viewed as a â€Å"passive medium† (on the same page). In view of the ongoing Internet World Stats report, the all out number of Internet portable broadband endorsers in the U.S. advertise has arrived at an aggregate of 69,902,289 as of the finish of second quarter of 2009 (Internet World Stats). In accordance with this, the 0.92% expansion in the all out number of versatile broadband clients means the requirement for media transmission organizations to continue improving the portable administrations they render to the general population. Combination in media is alluding to the

Friday, August 14, 2020

Positive Affect and Negative Affectivity

Positive Affect and Negative Affectivity Happiness Print How the Positive Affect Combats Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 23, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Martin Barraud / Getty Images Positive affect refers to one’s propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life’s challenges in a positive way.  Conversely, negative affect involves experiencing the world in a more negative way, feeling negative emotions and more negativity in relationships and surroundings.  These two states are independent of one another, though related; someone can be high in positive and negative affect, high in just one, or low in both.  Both states affect our lives in many ways, particularly when it comes to stress and how we handle it. Positive Affect and Stress Positive affect is associated with other characteristics of people who tend to be happier, like optimism, extraversion, and success.  However, positive affect isn’t just another by-product of a happy, less stressful lifeâ€"it’s an influencing factor. Positive affect can bring lower levels of stress on its own.  It’s not just that those who are optimistic and successful extraverts experience positive affect because they have so much to be happy about, and they just happen to be less stressed. You can experience greater resilience toward stress simply by cultivating positive affect or taking steps to get into a better mood more often. The Broaden and Build Theory Psychologist Barbara Fredrickson has extensively researched the effects of positive affect on stress and has come up with a model of how positive affect interacts with resilience, known as the broaden and build theory of positive psychology. Fredrickson and others have found that when we give ourselves a lift in mood, this can expand (or broaden) our perspective so that we notice more possibilities in our lives, and this enables us to more easily take advantage of (to build upon) these resources. These resources include the following: Physical Resources: This includes energy, stamina, fitness, health, and overall wellness.  For example, if you’re in a good mood, you may have more motivation to go to the gym and build your physical resources.Psychological Resources: This includes the ability to choose more optimistic perspectives, pull yourself out of rumination, or withstand hectic schedules without experiencing burnout, for example.  If you’re experiencing more positive affect, for example, you might be less prone to dwelling on the negative and may focus on possibilities in your life.Social Resources: This means more supportive relationships, friends who will give great advice if you ask, lend you a shoulder to cry on, or bring you a casserole if you are going through a difficult time.  If you’re chronically upset, you may drive away those who could be supportive in your life, whereas if you’re exuding positive affect, you may become more of an appealing friend. These increased resources can lead to greater resilience toward stress. Basically, it can work as an upward spiral of positivity where positive affect begets more resilience toward stress and more positive affect. Unfortunately, negative affect can work in the same way. This is why it really helps to cultivate positive moods and pleasure in life; its not just something that will lead to some good feelings at the moment, but it can be a path to less stress and happier life in general. It is well worth the effort of increasing behaviors that lead to positive affect, and fortunately, increasing positive affect is quite simple if you make the effort. How to Increase Your Positive Affect Positive affect can be developed and cultivated.  While affectivity is somewhat inborn, meaning that some people are simply born with a greater propensity for being in a good mood as part of their personality, there are many things you can do to get into the habit if experiencing positive affect more often in your life, and making your good moods even better. Many of these things involve changing our thought patterns and changing the experiences we put ourselves in.  Here are some of the things you can do to increase your experience of positive affect. Maintain a Gratitude Journal: Research shows that writing about what you are grateful for in your life can bring about greater levels of positive affect, and this benefit lasts for quite a while.  Indulge in Life’s Pleasures: If you plan pleasurable experiences into your life, you can be constantly increasing your experience of positive affect and the benefits that come with it.  Just remember to add new pleasures on a regular basis so you don’t become bored.Engage in Hobbies:  Many of us don’t have as much time for hobbies as we’d like, but it’s important to make time. This can not only increase your positive affect, but it can also take your mind off of what may be stressing you, and leave you with a sense of accomplishment.  Practice Loving-Kindness Meditation:  Meditation, in general, is great for stress management, but the loving-kindness meditation is a particularly sweet treat, especially in that it can increase your levels of positive affect and help you feel less s tressed.Exerciseâ€"And Make It Fun!  Physical activity is a powerful stress reliever as well, and there are so many forms of exercise you can engage in, you can find several activities that are fun as well.  Dancing, yoga, cycling, walking with a friend?  Think about what might be fun for you, and do it!  Remember and Savor Positive Experiences:  Research confirms what you probably instinctively know already: that actively savoring positive experiences can prolong the happiness you experience from them!  And this can increase positive affect as well, leading to greater enjoyment of life and more resilience toward stress.  Why not get more out of the great parts of your life by actively savoring them?

Sunday, May 24, 2020

The Different Types of Thalassemia and How is Diagnosed

Thalassemia is basically a name for similar groups of inherited blood diseases that involve missing or abnormal genes regarding the protein in hemoglobin which is the red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. I will discuss the different types of Thalassemia, how Thalassemia is diagnosed, and the treatments available. I will also discuss the complications and side effects of the treatments, the disease’s causes and effects, and how it is more dominant in some parts of the world than others. Thalassemia is a blood disorder which means the body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body and having less hemoglobin leads to anemia. Alpha globin and beta†¦show more content†¦Abnormalities on one or both of the genes cause the disorder. The strength of the condition is determined by the damage of the mutation gene in the body and the amount of beta globin genes that carry a mutation called Thalassemia minor, which is also known by a Thalassemia trait. The Thalassemia trait is caused by a missing or abnormality on only one beta globin gene. Diseased individuals generally have no symptoms, though some may develop a mild anemia. However, they can pass the abnormal gene to their children. Thalassemia Intermediate is when both beta globin genes become mutated. These gene abnormalities are less dangerous than Thalassemia major gene abnormalities mostly. These individuals usually have mild to moderate anemia and they develop some of the complications seen in Thalassemia major, such as bone abnormalities or an enlarged spleen. Many affected people require more frequent blood transfusions in order to reduce the risk of complications. Thalassemia major is arguably the most severe form and is the product of damaging mutations on both beta globin protein genes. It also is commonly known by Cooleys anemia, named after the doctor who first identified it in 1925. Most affecte d individuals appear healthy at birth. However, during the first year or two of life, they become have a poor appetite and become pale. They do not growShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Parents With The Sickle Cell Trait1524 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest risk of passing Sickle Cell Anemia to their offspring. In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid sickle shape. In addition, a different type of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. This protein starts to wrap around other red blood cells when oxygen is lacking to form a helical shape. Once this happens the cells clusterRead MoreSickle Cell Disease ( Ocd )939 Words   |  4 Pagesthis disease, both parents have to carry the Sickle Cell Trait. This trait is given to the parents by their parents in which one of them has the sickle cell gene â€Å"S â€Å"and the other has the normal â€Å"A† gene. Children are diagnosed with SCD as early as 4 months old and accurately diagnosed by the age of 6 months old. Normal RBCs are disc shaped in which they are able to easily travel throughout the body, especially through the tiniest blood vessels. However, with sickled shaped RBCs, they clump togetherRead MoreOutline of Treatment with Beta Thalassemia2085 Words   |  8 PagesStory about mother and brother B. Information about beta thalassemia 1. 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Thalassemia was found to effect the individual at the physical level (coupled with anaemia) and disrupts the overallRead MorePrevalence Of Sickle Cell Anemia1639 Words   |  7 Pagesgene are required. This includes the Alpha and the Beta gene. People with one of these genes are known to have sickle cell traits. There are four types of sickle cell anemia with regard to the different types of mutation affecting the genes. Which are Hemoglobin SS Disease, Hemoglobin SC Disease, Hemoglobin SB + (Beta) Thalassemia, Beta – Zero Thalassemia To add, sickle cell disease is an autosomal inherited genetic disease according to Beyers, (2013) research. It is predominant among people of AfricaRead MoreSymptoms and Treatments of Hemochromatosis756 Words   |  3 Pagesdiseases to diagnose because many symptoms are nonspecific and usually many people don’t show as many symptoms except elevated iron levels in their blood. Most will be treated with blood transfusions until the normal level of iron is reached. If diagnosed early the prognosis is excellent with possible checkups or phlebotomies. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Hemochromatosis is a disease with signs and symptoms that are very â€Å"vague† and can be taken as symptoms for another disease. These nonspecific symptoms areRead MoreEssay on Premarital Checkup and Screening2229 Words   |  9 Pagesfuture, settle down and raise a healthy family. This happens successfully when couples are themselves healthy. However, this desire is sometimes ruined when couples who have already settled realize that one of them had a hereditary disease that was diagnosed earlier before the couple got married. The couples therefore end up having sick children. To counter or minimize the chances of raising sick children, some countries have gone ahead to pass legislation and make it compulsory for couples to undergoRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Prenatal Screening Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pageswomen. Prenatal screening may include blood testing, ultrasound and genetic test and aim to determine if the pregnancy is at a higher risk for a particular birth def ect. The earliest prenatal test is the blood testing. It is used to determine the blood type and Rh factor of a mother and the fetus. This is to prevent the complication caused by antigen-antibody reaction of Rh group of the mother and the fetus which may lead to haemolytic anemia. Besides that, blood test is also able to detect some of theRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement3686 Words   |  15 Pagesindividually focused through the means of prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Although these two approaches (past and present) to the eugenics movement are conducted in different ways, the motivations behind them are theoretically similar. In this paper, I will be summarizing the history of different eugenics movements in the United States, Germany, and China. Furthermore, I will analyze contemporary eugenics as it relates to the present day fascination with human genetics and selectiveRead MoreSickle Cell Disease And Its Effects1879 Words   |  8 Pages Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease affects approximately 100,000 Americans and millions across the globe (Sobota, 2015). The three most common types of sickle cell disease are Hb SS (sickle cell anemia), Hb SC, and Hb S beta thalassemia, with Hb SS being the most common type (Harris, 2001). Sickle cell disease occurs in individuals who inherit the mutated hemoglobin gene, from one or both of their parents. The mutated hemoglobin, known as Hb S, crystalizes and join together â€Å"into many small

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Containment as Universal Doctrine Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Soon this concept of containment was adapted to the whole of Europe. The Truman administration was convinced of the effectiveness of this concept that it sought to give financial aid to the Soviet Union and its allies. However, USSR turned down the offer since it viewed it as a scheme of the United States to control the economies of the communist states (Spalding 98). The doctrine of containment played to bring out the strengths as well as the weakness of the United States. It contributed to the recognition of the United States as a political and economic powerhouse in Europe and the world. Truman had grown increasingly wary of the impact of the increasing influence of the USSR to America’s political and economic interests. Due to this fact, Truman vigorously campaigned for the doctrine of containment to the American people as well as the Congress. However, George Kennan opposed Truman doctrine for its perceived weakness of being too open-minded to extend America’s resources and commitment. The Marshall plan of distributing American resources to allies was seen as a risky undertaking since some of the perceived allies could enter into treaties with USSR. We will write a custom essay sample on Containment as Universal Doctrine or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Some military policies supported by the Truman Doctrine did not auger well with the American policy. Truman doctrine changed the image of the United States from that of promotion of democracy and freedom and upholding human rights to a cruel state driven by a grand strategy agenda. Through the containment policy, the U. S approved undemocratic and immoral foreign policies to woo allies in America’s favor to contain USSR. The government sponsored and supported dissidents in communist territories to topple communism regimes. The doctrine became unpopular to a section of the American people who viewed the government as using the doctrine to commit atrocities such as the bombing of Cambodia (Hill 217). In addition, containment doctrine started to be used as a justification of unconventional and clandestine operational methods in the 1970s and 1980s. It is out of this context that secret organizations such as the CIA developed to powerful machiner y that was beyond the scrutiny of the public. Containment doctrine weakened the diplomatic ties between U. S and USSR. The Gulf and mistrust between USSR and United States widened because of the doctrine of containment. Stalin’s mistrust against the United States grew making it impossible to have a peaceful settlement with the United States. The result of this was converting the United States administration from one that did not meddle with foreign affairs of other states to one that acted the role of a global policeman (Pieper 3, 4).

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Roman Empire Its Fall and Power Free Essays

Rome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Empire: Its Fall and Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. Another theory lays the blame at the feet of the Emperor, that the happiness of the people and the functioning of the government was directly correlated with the personal merit and management skills of the reigning authorityRome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. Another theory lays the blame at the feet of the Emperor, that the happiness of the people and the functioning of the government was directly correlated with the personal merit and management skills of the reigning authority Rome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. How to cite Roman Empire: Its Fall and Power, Essay examples

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Discussion of Jenine Aliss as an Australian Entrepreneur

Question: Discuss about the Discussion of Jenine Aliss as an Australian Entrepreneur. Answer: Growth and Development of Jenine Aliss as a Successful Entrepreneur Jenine Aliss is one of the successful woman entrepreneurs in Australia. She was born in the year 1965 and grew up in Knoxfield. According to Allis (2013), she went to school but drop out of school at the age of sixteen years against the wishes of her parents. Jenine started working while she was seventeen years old in advertising agency McCann-Erickson. She also engaged in other forms of jobs that included being an assistant gym manager and in modeling. She never attended any form of business training nor went to the University for Studies in order to come up with a business idea that had made her very successful (Allis 2013). She had a desire for traveling from places but she did not have a clear mindset of what she wanted to do in the course of her life. The idea to start the boost juice bar was after a trip in which she traveled with her husband Jeff to the United States in the year 1999. Jenine noticed that the business for smoothies categories and juices were booming in the USA but there was hardly a juice bar in her home country in Australia despite its warm climate (Allis 2013). According to Allis (2013), Aliss was having the urge to start the business but due to other responsibilities like being a touring comedian and publisher deterred her from imagining that at one time she would be a successful entrepreneur. Jenine was an advocate for living a healthy lifestyle and the business idea she developed from the USA would have been the turning point to change the health lifestyle of her family and the community. Belbaly and Cheruy (2013) assert that the awakening of her dream as an entrepreneur was driven by the desire to provide her kids with healthy fast food when on out but the only food that was present in the stores were only sugary, empty calories with high-fat content. She analyzed the local retail sector and she could hardly get healthy fast food snack for her family when she went shopping in the Aussie market. The passion for initiating a juice bar grew bigger after analyzing the market and coming to a conclusion that there were very few healthy snacks for consumption in the Australia market (Menzies and Orr 2014). Jenine, therefore, decided to initiate the boost juice bar which she believed that the customers would love the freshness of the fruit. She believed on love life and she decided to conduct retailing differently from the other retailers in order to develop a unique customer experience (Allis 2013). The first store she opened was in Adelaide and she did all the activities from scrubbing the floor, serving the customers to making the drinks. Family and Social-cultural Background for the Development of Her Passion for Entrepreneurship Social Mobility The social mobility played the main role in the development of the entrepreneurial person of Jenine. The migration from one place to another can trigger new ideas to most of the entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs are able to identify the gaps available that need to be satisfied by a good or a service by traveling to new places (Sarasvathy 2001). According to Sarasvathy (2001), the culture change after migrating from one place to another provides good avenues in developing a new business idea. Aliss accompanied her husband Jeff to a trip to the USA which resulted in her invention of a business idea. The trip of Jenine to the USA is what made her discover new healthy smoothie and juices that were not in existence in Australia. The movement of an entrepreneur from one place to another can serve as a new source of a business idea as the encounter of new products in new places can provide insights for an entrepreneur in identifying a gap for introducing new unique products in his /her place of residence. Family Motivation Entrepreneurs need to be motivated by the family to be able to develop an entrepreneurial passion. The entrepreneurs who have family back up are more likely to implement their business ideas by developing a product or a service (Hanke 2016). The family must develop a positive attitude towards the business idea and provide it with support. Jeff the husband of Aliss had a positive perception of the business idea and joined hands with Jenine which made her feel motivated and have the zeal for entrepreneurship. Gender Roles The gender roles can also be an important factor for developing passionate entrepreneurs in the society (Gherardi and Giampietro 2014). Jenine being an advocate for health food and being the person who was taking care of her kids by providing them with healthy food could easily recognize that most of the retail shops lacked the healthy food that she wanted to provide for her kids the snacks. Jenine as a mother, healthy living was her utmost importance and it is healthy living that drove her passion towards establishing Boost Juice bars that would provide healthy drinks and food. Customers Satisfaction The acceptance of the products by the customers in the market drives entrepreneurial passion (Bradberry 2011). The passion for Jenine to entrepreneurship was due to her brand acceptance by the customers. The customers were crying for healthy foods with fewer calories as most of the people by then were obese due to the intake of unhealthy fast foods with high calories from the retail shops. The people of Australia were looking forward to the introduction of healthy foods. The customers demands for healthy food products is what drove Jenine in starting the Boost Juice bar as she was also and an advocate for healthy living. Friends Support The moral and financial support by the friends drives entrepreneurial passion (Morrison 2006).Aliss's friends supported her during the initiation of Boost Juice bar. After the development of the business plan, she was able to raise $250,000 from her friends for investments. The passion for her entrepreneurship was therefore driven by her friends as the initial capital for the business was high for her to generate. The Business She Developed and Competitive Advantage Business Jenine Aliss is the founder of Boost juice bars whose main role is to sell healthy fruit juice and smoothies. The first store that she opened was in her home country in Australia at Adelaide. The business grew rapidly as the customers accepted the products that she made that made her opened other new stores within Australia (Pung 2008). The business grew and she was able to capture the market outside her home countries to other countries. The stores are currently operating in more than fourteen international countries. Boost has more than four hundred stores and the turnover is more than $195,000,000 (Allis 2013). Jenine Aliss is determined to spread the Boost juice stores to more countries so that it may capture the market globally. Boost juice provides an alternative for fast food options in Australia by providing the best healthy food alternative. Competitive Advantage The uniqueness of the products has been the most important competitive advantage of the Boost juice Bars (Tan and Smyrnios 2011). The Australian market is flooded by unhealthy foods, juices, and snacks within the retail shop. The Boost juice is unique as it avoids any nasty preservative, colors and artificial flavors or sweeteners that are included as part of the ingredients in the manufacturing of juices. The products are delicious juices and smoothies that offer fresh and natural ingredients with more than 98% fat-free. The Boost juices use different types of freshly squeezed vegetables and fruits. The uniqueness of the Boost Juice is what has resulted to its brand loyalty as most of the people are advocating for healthy foods that do not have additives due to the increased prevalence of diseases that result from consuming foods that are unhealthy. Boost Culture| The boost culture has also been the competitive advantage against other entrepreneurs. The love life philosophy has made it possible for Boost juice to surpass the other entrepreneurs. The relentless pursuit for satisfying the customers has been the main goal of the company by producing products that are customers centered. The brands philosophy which has been facilitated by producing products that surpass the customers expectation and recruitment of employees determined in achieving the mission of the company has been the competitive advantage against the other entrepreneurs. Future Suggestion Including Different Business or Avenue Jenine Aliss with her passion for a healthy life should not only concentrate on providing healthy food as the only means of promoting a healthy life. She was ones an assistant gym manager and should, therefore, think of introducing gym centers where people can go for exercises and pay. The health of the person is not just entangled on the healthy food he/she consume but also on exercise and health care services that he/she is able to access. Jenine can, therefore, start a hospital venture which can capture most of the customers as most of the Australians have already recognized her as an individual that aims at promoting the health of the people. The Boost juice bars concentrates on selling fruit juices and smoothies. The company can take a different direction in order to maximize its profit by availing to the customer's other types of food products in the stores. The snacks usually go hand in hand with the juices and smoothies and most of the customers like the stores that they can be able to purchase them simultaneously. The Boost Juice should, therefore, commence on diversifying their products from not only the smoothies and juices but also snacks and another form of food products. The company should ensure that the snacks and other food products retain the natural freshness to ensure that the customers retain loyalty for their products. References Allis, J, 2013.The Secrets of My Success: The Story of Boost Juice, Juicy Bits and All. John Wiley Sons. Belbaly, N and Cheruy, C, 2013. How Creative are Your Executives?.Available at SSRN 2449200. Bradberry, J, 2011.6 secrets to startup success: how to turn your entrepreneurial passion into a thriving business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Gherardi, S and Giampietro, M, 2014. Gender and entrepreneurship as an intertwined social practice: narratives of a learning trajectory.Business and Management Research,vol.3, no. (4), p.p61. Hanke, A, 2016. Rethinking business.Books+ Publishing,vol.95, no. (4), p.16 Menzies, JL and Orr, SC, 2014. Internationalization of Boost Juice to Malaysia.Asian Case Research Journal,vol.18 no.(01), pp.175-197. Morrison, A, 2006. A contextualisation of entrepreneurship.International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, vol.12, no. (4), pp.192-209. Pung, A, 2008. Franchise Nation.Monthly, The, (June 2008), p.20. Sarasvathy, SD, 2001. What makes entrepreneurs entrepreneurial?. Tan, CSL and Smyrnios, KX, 2011. How do Australian fast-growth small-to-medium enterprises measure performance?.Journal of Enterprising Culture,vol.19, no. (01), pp.41-60.