The Honest to Goodness Truth on Environmental Ethics Essay Topics

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Environmental Ethics Essay Topics The Good, the Bad and Environmental Ethics Essay Topics An essay on ethics can thought of as a sort of an analytical essay, especially as soon as the writer assumes a dispassionate standpoint on the ethics thesis statement they are writing about. Posts about billy beane written by terry yan writing an essay isn't hard and you simply will need to read the dictionary to broaden your vocabulary. Possessing an essay can help you write the true essay on ethics faster, too. You are able to also mention what you wish to achieve by writing this specific essay. Each paragraph ought to deal with a fairly identifiable topic about the subject of your essay. At any time you compose an ethics essay about a present issue like rape, it is critical that you generate a very clear and concise introduction for your article. A properly descriptive essay with distinctive and unique content can be yours for a fair price. Despite this isn't the simplest topic, it's still feasible to understand how to compose essays on ethical topics. Be confident that the topic you pick up is concrete and is able to make an image of the entire paper. To begin with, you should figure out accurately what your topic is all about, and an opinion you're going to defend throughout your essay. Every topic is tightly associated with the thesis statement. The introduction offers general info and implements a thesis. These essay topics are made to receive your students thinking about the surroundings and what we are able to do to help protect it. A good example essay will give answers to a lot of significant questions. Many essays of this specific type are devoted to the theme of morality in the society. The historical evolution of the Montreal Protocol and follow-on agreements to take care of human-caused damage to stratospheric ozone illustrates clearly the advantages of taking ethics into consideration. Human beings must not harm the environment knowingly, particularly in the event the action resulting in such harm isn't necessary. Changes in human behaviour are necessary, thus the demand for codes of conduct dependent on the ethics of the surroundings. International warming is the consequence of violating environmental ethics like pollution. As people play a significant function in the upkeep of the environment, understanding the important concepts of the ideology gets essential towards the success of the protection of the surroundings. Our environment is just one of the main structures of the physical world that must be valued and respected. If there's absolutely no choice except to drive, we still can have a small and energy efficient vehicle instead of an SUV. Think about the individual, and the impact a single individual, through their very own ethic, can have on the surroundings. Blast Fishing Blast fishing is a technique of fishing in which explosives are accustomed to efficiently collect a huge quantity of fish. Research blast fishing to establish why it's used over other fishing techniques, and write about the consequences of blast fishing on marine ecosystems. General information isn't appropriate and won't make anyone be interested in. Recycling Research the advantages and disadvantages of recycling. Anenvironmental ethics essay paper is a wonderful means to handle the many issues of interest to the fundamental rights of well-being and life. The introduction portion of an essay is similar to the surface of the piece, from where everyone can choose the whole piece. Once you've read a bit about the feasible topics, it's time to learn how to choose the most acceptable one. Another complicated thing about ethics is the fact that it is closely related to each sphere of our life. The Most Popular Environmental Ethics Essay Topics The premise of several ethics papers is some type of ethical dilemma. Therefore, if you decide to write on business ethics this is going to be a win-win choice. These papers were most influential with respect to environmental troubles. Surprisingly, an excellent thing. Top Environmental Ethics Essay Topics Secrets When you're assigned a composition in ethics, you will most likely write about a few moral norms people follow. In environmentalism, ho wever, the community is usually believed to consist of non-humans together with humans. You could possibly be assigned to compose the ethics in society essay, professional or healthcare spheres and so forth. Aside from humans, environmental ethics also addresses the rights which other lives have. Remember that the majority of people have high ethical standards, but not everybody has identical ethics. If you're taking an ethics course in college, you'll be expected to compose an ethics essay sooner or later. There are several ethical decisions that human beings make related to the environment. By these means, you can emphasize on Environmental ethics is an extremely strong topic that could highlight lots of things.

I Love Spanish Music Has Good Beats - 1134 Words

Fresno, Texas is in Fort Bend County. Fort Bend County consists of various cities and Fresno is amongst these cities. Fresno is a very beautiful diverse small town with about 19,000 populations. The Blacks and African Americans are the major population right next to the Hispanics population. The citydata.com states that the Hispanics are the second largest group living in Fresno. On the race chart, they are 33.1 percent making them about 6,318 residents. However, the Hispanics brings culture to the community especially when it comes to music, events, schools, nonprofit organizations, small businesses and restaurants. As I walk around the environment, I can hear Spanish music playing at the neighbor’s house, even though I do not understand†¦show more content†¦I enjoyed taking these walk on the neighborhood streets because it brings so many memories. Life had made it that sometimes we can be so busy with work or school that we tend to miss the little things that life has to offer; the fresh air reminds me of my high school days. I went to Hightower High School located here at Fresno and my school consists of African Americans and Hispanics so I enjoyed the best of both worlds and cultures. As I walk past my old high school, I noticed that the school buses were parked outside ready to pick up the students to take them back home. It is very easy to notice the diversity of students, which consists of blacks and Hispanic plus few others races. I also noticed the closeness of the two dominate race. I see a couple of interracial couples amongst the students. Personally, I love to see the harmony of different race coming together as one or at least accepting and learning from each other. I think that the world will be a much better place if we can all accept and love each other as we love ourselves. It is very easy to find this pure love amongst the younger generations then the older generations. On a lighter note, I think that the community should ex pand a little more. The community needs more infrastructure, more developments, middle schools, businesses and organizations. For example, Fresno is divided into two visible sections, the first half of the section has residential and the

Management Labor Relation In Singapore †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Labor Relation In Singapore? Answer: Introducation Of all the functions of the HR managers, Labor Management Relations (LMR) are defined as one of the most complicated set of relationships to manage. The labor relations in Singapore, unlike the rest of the world are a four cornered relationship between the government, the employers, the labor unions and the labourers (NTUC, 2017). The four parties involved need to coordinate and cooperate with each other to maintain a healthy balance between them. The success of Singapore and its growth and development can all be contributed to the healthy balance between these three and a collaborative LMR in the nation. This report has been written with an intent to better understand and explain the LMR and the various players that are responsible for the maintenance of the same for Singapore. This report plans to explore the roles played by the four key elements of the LMR namely; employers, employees, trade unions and the government. Singapore as a country provides an exceptional example of how t hese relations are established and maintained to guide the nation towards development. This report also plans to explore and conduct a factor analysis of what makes Singapore and their LMR an interesting and ideal case study. The report further studies about the competitive advantage that Singapore has as a nation because of their exceptional LMR and a synchronized approach to the relations of the four players of LMR (Yoon, 2009). The employees and employers are connected by the professional relationship that they share. The trade unions are the dependable support that both of them have. Harmonious LMR help in avoidance of conflict and the difficult situations like strikes, non cooperation, lock outs, etc can be easily managed and avoided with their help. The LMR also helps in analyzing the competitiveness, vulnerability and job satisfaction level of the employees in order to take timely action for their correction of things are amiss. Being ranked the country with the most co-opera tive labor-employer relationships by the World Economic Forum, Singapore is a competitive nation with every party involved pushing the others to perform their best (Leggett, Strategic choice and the transformation of Singapore's industrial relations, 2005). This is the reason of the tremendous economic and social growth of the country and their people. Analysis of the roles of four key players of LMR LMR is defined as a trilateral relationship between the government, the employers and the laborers. However, if we analyze it closely, there is another player who plays a key role in the maintenance and management of these relationships. The trade unions who organize the labor industry are also an important contributor in the LMR and their maintenance. Thus, the four key players that shoulder the responsibility and help in the maintenance of healthy LMR in Singapore are 1) Employers 2) Employees 3) Trade unions and 4) Government. Now understanding the role played by each of these in detail, the employers in Singapore are all a part of the union for employers named Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF). Founded in the year 1980, it has the members count of over 2000 and is an autonomous body dedicated to help the employers in Singapore make their organizations more productive and profitable. It also helps the employers in the achievement of work-life balance. This organizatio n works in sync with the other key players to help the nation in achieving industrial harmony. SNEF also works towards maintaining and monitoring healthy competition in the market. The second key player in the LMR are the employees or the building blocks of the nation (Commission, 2005). Employees are the players forming the basis of all the unions. The Labor Movement of the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) was made an all inclusive movement by the people of Singapore tom unite for the rights of the employees. There is a need for sustainable development of the country at this time. Singapore need to train the people and make them skilled and at the same time create jobs for them. As the people get added to the labor market, job creation needs to go up as well. If this does not happen, it will lead to structural unemployment for the country resulting in wastage of resources (Kaur, 2012). The Trade Unions are a generally neglected, but crucial part of the LMR. Singapore is consta ntly working towards organizing the labor markets into unions and unionizing more and more workers has been the objective of the NTUC for very long now. Having 58 affiliated unions at present, and two affiliated associations which include the industrial, public, service and omnibus sectors it is the a trade unions working towards the accomplishment of all the objectives of the Labor Movement in Singapore. They also work for the protection of the rights of the workers and advocate for their best interests. They help in collective bargaining and support the employees and their rights. The fourth and the all-powerful player in the LMR is the government of Singapore. The government and the leading political party extend the support to all the other key players to maintain a healthy balance between them. The government leadership and support is required by all in order to actually contribute to the growth and development of the nation. The Singapore government has always worked towards p roviding the employers, employees and the trade unions, an environment where they can survive and thrive. The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Act 2015 which came into force on 1st April 2015 has made a big difference in the LMR. The act has allowed the trade unions to represent employees belonging to the non-executive work functions. This has enabled the trade unions even more and has helped them to represent such employees collectively, which was earlier not possible. The second amendment made in the act was to enable the trade unions to represent executive employees on an individual basis, especially representing them on the issues related to re-employment (Natrss, 2013). The expansion implemented by the Amendment Act provides executives with an additional and less costly alternative for resolving re-employment matters, by settling re-employment disputes through union and management negotiations. The trade unions of Singapore are now likely to seek the recognition for representat ion of the executive employees. This has also helped the employers, who are now approaching the unions for collective discussion instead of individually contacting the employees. The Singapore government has realized that he key to a harmonious workplace is increased collaboration between the employees, the employers and the unions representing them. The increased competitiveness between the employees and the employers is ultimately going to benefit the country as it will increase the productivity and efficiency of the employees. Governed by the rules formed by the Ministry of Manpower (MoM), the employers, employees and trade unions of Singapore constantly help in maintaining harmonious LMR and work in a synchronized manner towards the growth and development of Singapore. Analysis of the competitive advantage to Singapore through LMR Singapore as a country has displayed resilience and stood strong even in the face of adversities as a result of strong LMR. The year 2008 was a year of global economic and financial crisis. Even when the world saw large organizations going bankrupt and countries recording negative economic growth, Singapore registered a growth in employment. This can also be contributed to the solidarity between the Singapore government, the employers and the laborers of the country. The present situation of the world is that of uncertainty and all the nations of the world are undergoing structural changes. Even in these turbulent times, the close ties of the government, the employers and the laborers are being leveraged to keep the Singapore economy from giving in to the pressure and keeping them in the global race to economic progress. Healthy LMR maintenance has helped Singapore in keeping the employees satisfied. The labor movement in Singapore has pushed the employees to perform better and incre ased their productivity by promising them fair wages. The unionized workers in Singapore enjoy a 4% wage hike and bonus payments just like the employees in the other organized sectors. This keeps the employees motivated and loyal to their unions (Leggett, The fourth transformation of Singapores industrial relations, 2007). The laborers are employed on the basis of their skills and productivity and their wages are also set according to that. The Labor Movement of Singapore has also taken care of the disputes and cases that require settlement. Every year they settle thousands of cases resolving the clashes and disputes among the key players of the LMR. They educate and make the employees aware about the rights and responsibilities. The employees, therefore, are more aware than ever before. The unionized workers and laborers have several other benefits enjoy. They have annual paid leaves, leaves on the demise of immediate family and leaves for personal reasons like marriage. The unions provide the employees child sick leaves, elder care leaves, family care leaves and paternity leaves. The unionized workers in Singapore also enjoy 5 days leave for their training and development. These are just a few workplace benefits that the employees in Singapore enjoy (Singapore Government, 2010). The employees and employers are connected by the professional relationship that they share. The trade unions are the dependable support that both of them have. Harmonious LMR help in avoidance of conflict and the difficult situations like strikes, non cooperation, lockouts, etc. can be easily managed and avoided with their help. The LMR also helps in analyzing the competitiveness, vulnerability and job satisfaction level of the employees in order to take timely action for their correction of things are amiss. The grievance handling procedure also becomes easier and more organized when there is a healthy LMR maintained among the parties (Lee, 2013). Harmonious LMR are a contributing factor in the growth and development of both the employees and the employers. They will foster peace and harmony and provide a constructive work environment for all the employees (Poh, 2015). The industrial democracy is also maintained in the system if all the key players are connected and have open discussions. It benefits all the members as it increases the productivity of the firms and consequently the nation. A competitive edge in the work environment can only help in getting the required work from the employees. So, if the healthy work environment or the healthy competition is required within the system, it is vital to provide employees with welfare schemes and concord. The Labor Movement in Singapore is going strong even after 50 years of independence. As a country with a skilled workforce and harmonious industrial relations, Singapore enjoys a significant advantage. However, these relations need to be worked on continuously by all the parties involved and strengthened to continue enjoying this advantage. As the nation faces tough competition from the continuous technological advancement, it has much to do to maintain strong labor-management relationship (SHRI, 2017). The unionization of the employees which is generally avoided by other countries, as it leads to stagnation of the economy and exploitation of the workforce, has instead proved to be beneficial in practice, in Singapore. The strong collaboration between the parties involved in LMR has led to increase in job-creation and a rise in the pay scale of the workers. The NTUC in Singapore works constantly to ensure that the skills of the employees are constantly upgraded and they get the pay and benefits from the employers as per their skills and capability. Conclusion This report has been written with an intent to better understand and explain the LMR and the various players that are responsible for the maintenance of the same for Singapore. The labor relations in Singapore are a four cornered relationship between the government, the employers, the labor unions and the laborers. The four parties involved need to coordinate and cooperate with each other to maintain a healthy balance between them. The success of Singapore and its growth and development can all be contributed to the healthy balance between these three and a collaborative LMR in the nation. This report has explored and conducted a factor analysis of what makes Singapore and their LMR an interesting and ideal case study. The report further analyzed the competitive advantage that Singapore has as a nation because of their exceptional LMR and a synchronized approach to relation of the four key players of LMR. The Singapore government has realized that he key to a harmonious workplace is increased collaboration between the employees, the employers and the unions representing them. The increased competitiveness between the employees and the employers is ultimately going to benefit the country as it will increase the productivity and efficiency of the employees. References Commission, P. (2005). Labor welfare and social security. Retrieved from https://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/10th/volume2/v2_ch3_5.pdf Kaur, A. (2012). Workers, Employment Relations, and Labour Standards in Industrialising Southeast Asia . Retrieved from https://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN021441.pdf Lee, T. (2013). The story of NWC. Straits times press. Retrieved from https://www.tripartism.sg/assets/files/NWC%20book.pdf Leggett, C. (2005). Strategic choice and the transformation of Singapore's industrial relations. Retrieved from https://www120.secure.griffith.edu.au/rch/file/a8182e23-5684-7515-429a-e07a8100dd49/1/02Whole.pdf Leggett, C. (2007). The fourth transformation of Singapores industrial relations. University of South Australia. Retrieved from https://airaanz.econ.usyd.edu.au/papers/Leggett.pdf Natrss. (2013). Discussion on Labour Welfare. Retrieved from https://www.natrss.gov.in/documentn/dc_rm_lbwl.pdf NTUC. (2017). Industrial relations landscape in Singapore . Retrieved from https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/irlandscapeinsingapore Poh, E. (2015). Tripartism is Singapore's 'significant advantage' to excel: Chan Chun Sing. Retrieved from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/tripartism-is-singapore-s-significant-advantage-to-excel-chan-ch-8233598 SHRI. (2017). Going the Tripartite Way A Showcase of Singapores Unique Business Model. Retrieved from https://shri.org.sg/going-the-tripartite-way-a-showcase-of-singapores-unique-business-model/ Singapore Government. (2010). Industrial relations act. Retrieved from https://www.aseanhrmech.org/downloads/singapore-Industrial_Relations_Act.pdf Yoon, Y. (2009). A comparative study on industrial relations and collective bargaining in East Asian countries. Retrieved from https://natlex.ilo.ch/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---dialogue/documents/publication/wcms_158351.pdf

The Swimmer by John Cheever American Society Essay Example

The Swimmer by John Cheever: American Society Paper Throughout the story as Ned travels from pool to pool, more and more is revealed bout him by his neighbors, things that Ned had seemingly forgotten or chosen to Ignore. Upon first observation, It would appear that Needs drinking had clouded his memory of certain things that had taken place recently like ? ¦When had he last heard from the Wheelers?o (American Literature, 2412). However, as the story progresses It is made clear that Ned has the tendency to conceal painful facts, keeping them repressed as a defense mechanism to deal with the real misery of his life. Because of that tendency of Needs, one of the most prominent themes in The Swimmer is one must face reality eventually. This is exemplified within the story when Ned finds himself at his mistress house and at the very end when he himself finally makes It home. This theme goes well with the usual John Cheaper subject matter like ? ¦manners and morals of middle-class, suburban America, and the emotional emptiness of life?0 ( Likened, 1) showing that Cheerers work is rooted in Modernism. Needy Merrill Is clearly in denial about the actual events that have taken place In his life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Swimmer by John Cheever: American Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Swimmer by John Cheever: American Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Swimmer by John Cheever: American Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As he Is going from pool to pool the neighbors mention his misfortunes. For example when he arrives at the Holland residence the wife shows sympathy for Ned avian lost his house and the condition his children were in, all things that Ned seemed completely unaware about. When he goes to the Blessings house, he overhears talk about his family going broke overnight and he Ignored It as If it were not true (American Literature, 2415). During the next instant he was forced to face the reality of the relationship with his mistress Shirley Adams. Ned was expecting to show up and receive ? ¦love-sexual roughhouse?o from Shirley (American Literature, 2416). What he got Instead was the cold shoulder which he was not expecting. In Needs alternate reality, Shirley was still his lover and would be there to ? ¦cure? him but that was not the case. The incident with Shirley Adams was the first sign of Ned realizing that he had been In denial but the most significant example of reality staring Ned directly In his face was his arrival home. Throughout the story the reader Is led to believe that Needy has a wife named Lucian and that they live together with their four beautiful daughters. Snippets of information gave hints that life was not as perfect as Ned is Imagining when the neighbors start to say certain things about Needs status like him owing broke and asking for money. All the while Ned as been Ignoring these things until he gets home and wonders why the place is so dark- ?cases it so late that they 1 OFF Ana all gone to Deck* Ha Lacuna stayed at ten westernizes Tort supper girls Joined her there or gone someplace else? ?0 (American literature, 2416). Ned then begin to take notice of the poor condition of the house and eventually tried to get in. He finally realized ?cachet the place was empty?0 (American Literature, 2417). Everything that the neighbors had said about Ned and his family was true. He didnt have his family together, they had lost money, and the house was no longer his. Needy Merrill was great at i gnoring the true events of life but he had to face it in the end. The theme one has to face reality eventually is clearly shown in The Swimmer. The protagonist in the story constantly ran away from the truth and was in denial about the misfortunes that had befallen him and he eventually had to face reality. John Achievers work placed him in the literary movement of Modernism because he wrote about how changes like suburban living impacted the lives of Americans during the time. His work also reflected how his life in particular was affected. John Cheaper turned to alcohol as a vice and it was something that disrupted his life completely (American Literature, 2409). In the story, not only does Ned use alcohol to drown out the pain of reality but everyone else in suburbia does the same. The story even opens with ?Celt was one of those midsummer Sundays when everyone sits around saying: l drank too much last night?0 (American Literature, 2409). Therefore, the Modernistic style is expressed thoroughly by Cheaper as he reflects his own life and the lives of Americans in his work.

Free Essays on My God Can Beat Up Your God

As an American, one of our most cherished rights is our freedom of religion. People have the right to believe in whatever they want. Whether it’s Jesus Christ, Allah, or Buddha, some people can be easily threatened by this, yet some admire it deeply. Even today with crimes being committed in the name of religious beliefs, stones cast at nonbelievers, and proselytizers conducting door to door recruitment, I believe this variety of spiritual ideals, religious or not, is the fastest growing threat to our society, and will be our termination. Like most Americans, when I think of religious crime, I think of the terrorist attack on September 11th 2001 in New York City, New York. A day that few will forget, when the Islamic fundamentalist group Al-Qaeda destroyed the two towers of the World Trade Center, but if you look back to the year 1995, a Christian fundamentalist named Timothy McVeigh bombed the Alfred P. Murray Federal Building in Okalahoma City, Okalahoma. This was done in an act of revenge for the U.S. governments attack on the Brach Davidians in Waco, Texas led by a man named David Koresh, a self proclaimed God to his followers. When practiced safely theses two beliefs, Islamic and Christian don’t hurt anybody. When they’re taken to the extreme by a lunatic fringe, they become supremely dangerous. There is a huge difference from trying to make your point with persuasion and trying to make your point with pain and death. Does the phrase â€Å"infidel† sound familiar? In more ways then one it means unbeliever, and has been in the world’s vocabulary for centuries. Almost every religion has gone through a stage were they would be so enmeshed in their own beliefs that any other religion is wrong, inaccurate, or just flat out evil. This kind of regimen still takes place today. The only thing that keeps it mildly tame is the governing laws over each country. For example: America’s constitution gives its people the freedom to bel... Free Essays on My God Can Beat Up Your God Free Essays on My God Can Beat Up Your God As an American, one of our most cherished rights is our freedom of religion. People have the right to believe in whatever they want. Whether it’s Jesus Christ, Allah, or Buddha, some people can be easily threatened by this, yet some admire it deeply. Even today with crimes being committed in the name of religious beliefs, stones cast at nonbelievers, and proselytizers conducting door to door recruitment, I believe this variety of spiritual ideals, religious or not, is the fastest growing threat to our society, and will be our termination. Like most Americans, when I think of religious crime, I think of the terrorist attack on September 11th 2001 in New York City, New York. A day that few will forget, when the Islamic fundamentalist group Al-Qaeda destroyed the two towers of the World Trade Center, but if you look back to the year 1995, a Christian fundamentalist named Timothy McVeigh bombed the Alfred P. Murray Federal Building in Okalahoma City, Okalahoma. This was done in an act of revenge for the U.S. governments attack on the Brach Davidians in Waco, Texas led by a man named David Koresh, a self proclaimed God to his followers. When practiced safely theses two beliefs, Islamic and Christian don’t hurt anybody. When they’re taken to the extreme by a lunatic fringe, they become supremely dangerous. There is a huge difference from trying to make your point with persuasion and trying to make your point with pain and death. Does the phrase â€Å"infidel† sound familiar? In more ways then one it means unbeliever, and has been in the world’s vocabulary for centuries. Almost every religion has gone through a stage were they would be so enmeshed in their own beliefs that any other religion is wrong, inaccurate, or just flat out evil. This kind of regimen still takes place today. The only thing that keeps it mildly tame is the governing laws over each country. For example: America’s constitution gives its people the freedom to bel...

Gyri and Sulci of the Brain

Gyri and Sulci of the Brain The brain has a unique appearance that consists of many folds or ridges and indentations. A brain ridge is known as a gyrus, while an indentation or depression is a sulcus or fissure. The cerebral cortex consists of gyri that are typically surrounded by one or more sulci. Gyri and sulci give the brain its wrinkled appearance. The cerebral cortex is the most highly developed area of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, planning and decision making. Key Takeaways: Brain Gyri and Sulci Gyri and sulci folds and indentations in the brain that are responsible for its wrinkled appearance.Gyri (gyrus singular) are the folds or bumps in the brain and sulci (sulcus singular) are the indentations or grooves in the brain.Folding of the cerebral cortex creates gyri and sulci which separate brain regions, increase the brains surface area, and increase cognitive ability.Gyri and sulci form boundaries between the lobes of the brain and divide the brain into two hemispheres.An example of a sulcus is the interhemispheric or medial longitudinal fissure that separates the left and right brain hemispheres. The corpus callosum is found within this fissure.An example of a gyrus is Brocas gyrus, an area of the brain that is noted in speech production. Gyri and Sulci Function Brain gyri and sulci serve two very important functions. These hills and valleys help to increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex. This allows more neurons to be packed into the cortex and increases the brains ability to process information. Gyri and sulci also form brain divisions by creating boundaries between the lobes of the brain and dividing the brain into two hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes. The frontal lobes are located in the front-most region of the cerebral cortex. The parietal lobes and temporal lobes are positioned behind the frontal lobes, with the parietal lobes positioned above the temporal lobes. The occipital lobes sit at the posterior region of the cerebral cortex. Each of these brain lobes are responsible for several important functions. The frontal lobes are vital for motor control, thinking, and reasoning. The parietal lobes process sensory information, while the occipital lobes are the main centers for visual processing. The temporal lobes are important for language and speech production, as well as for memory and emotion processing. Brain Sulci or Fissures Below is a listing of several key sulci in the brain. Interhemispheric (Medial Longitudinal Fissure): This is a deep furrow located down the center of the brain that separates the left and right brain hemispheres. The corpus callosum is located within this fissure.Fissure of Sylvius (Lateral Sulcus): This deep grove separates the parietal and temporal lobes.Central Sulcus (Fissure of Rolando): This sulcus separates the parietal and frontal lobes.Collateral Sulcus: This furrow separates the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus on the lower surface of the temporal lobes.Parieto-occipital Sulcus: This deep crevice separates the parietal and occipital lobes.Calcarine Sulcus: This grove is located in the occipital lobes and divides the visual cortex. Brain Gyri Listed below are a number of important gyri of the cerebrum. Agular Gyrus: This fold in the parietal lobe is the area of the brain that assists in processing auditory and visual stimuli. It is also involved in language comprehension.Brocas Gyrus (Borcas Area): This area of the brain, located in the left frontal lobe in most individuals, controls motor functions involved with speech production.Cingulate Gyrus: This arch-shaped fold in the brain is located above the corpus callosum. It is a component of the limbic system and processes sensory input concerning emotions and regulates aggressive behavior.Fusiform Gyrus: This bulge located in the temporal and occipital lobes consists of lateral and medial parts. It is thought to play a role in facial and word recognition.Hippocampal Gyrus (Parahippocampal Gyrus): This fold on the inner surface of the temporal lobe borders the hippocampus. The hippocampal gyrus surrounds the hippocampus and plays an important role in memory.Lingual Gyrus: This convolution of the occipital lobe is involved in visual p rocessing. The lingual gyrus is bordered by the calcarine sulcus and collateral sulcus. Anteriorly, the lingual gyrus is continuous with the parahippocampal gyrus and together they form the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus. Gyri and sulci are very important features of the central nervous system. Folding of the cerebral cortex creates these ridges and grooves which serve to separate brain regions and increase cognitive ability.

The Bretton Wood's institutions play a big role in intervening with Essay

The Bretton Wood's institutions play a big role in intervening with internal affairs of developing countries. How successful hav - Essay Example This is through regular monitoring and rigid policies especially on nations with weak institutions. On the other hand, foreign investment for poor nations should be limited to acquiring manageable loans and grants that do not collapse the economies. This will increase excellence both African and Asian nations in terms of economic prosperity. Development entails the well-being of a nation or individual in various forms. This may include economic, social or political development and the way it affects the citizens of such a country. Similarly, development may also encompass the gradual advancement or growth that leads to the progress in other sectors of the nation in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and exports among others. Other fundamental areas include education, health and governance in the context of the provision of services for the benefit of the citizenry. Therefore, the involvement of Bretton Wood’s institutions such as IMF, World Bank and IBRD ensure there is a f inancial regulation and fair dispensation of funds to sponsor developmental projects. Such institutions also participate in the regulation of the systems that oversee the monies dished to nations especially the third world countries (Szirmai 45). On that account, there are several ways, which education development, through funds acquired from Bretton Wood’s institutions has helped the advancement of nations. This is manifested in the increase of public schools and literacy levels where there participation of IMF and World Bank is high. In other words, education is now associated with sustainable development that permits people to gain skills, knowledge and skills. Other benefits include values and attitudes that are meant indicate a sustainable future where everyone thrives. Similarly, educational development has meant that matters of sustainable prosperity are translated in areas of learning and teaching for the purpose of students and society. In the same breadth, Bretton W ood’s institutions have given funds to support the reduction of poverty, biodiversity and sustainable consumption to education an enjoyable venture (Tiwari 167). This is manifested in a nations such India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Singapore where financial aid is boosting the education standards of most schools. In this case, the IMF and World Bank has dispensed funds in the ministries of education to facilitate standards of education. Therefore, this has translated to competencies of imagination, critical thinking and decision making skills in a mutual may for kids. This is also apparent in teachers and tutors who get motivation from governmental and non-governmental ventures. However, when it comes to economic development in terms of assistance from Bretton Wood’s institutions, there are interesting issues. This suggests that economic development entails concerted and sustained actions that are used by policymakers in the promotion of the living standards including eco nomic health. In the same breath, y in failed states mostly found in Africa such as Somalia and Democratic Republic of Congo, economic development refers to qualitative and quantitative alterations in the economy (Mbaku 134). Therefore, IMF and World Bank have not been successful in their development ventures because of several reasons. For example, issues such as bad governance policies, corruption and civil wars have hampered the efforts of Bretton

Media and Cultural Landscapes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media and Cultural Landscapes - Essay Example Most of my medium consumption happened using telecommunication gadgets such as mobile phones. Other activities that are part of media consumption entail playing online games, reading newspapers and charting over the social network sites. Lastly, I read posters and other forms of public advertisement. This paper discusses on the effects that media consumption has on the â€Å"Corporations, Social & Environmental Responsibility† and theories of the consumer to the society. 1. Corporations, social & environmental responsibility and reading magazines This involves the communities’ activities towards promoting their general welfare. It is evident that reading magazines promotes CRS among population globally through encouraging enlightenment in populations. Using media organizations and individuals can initiate development projects while being guided by information from magazines (Aggarwal, & Gupta 2001). In addition, persons make ethically accepted choices in terms of behavi our within communities through reading about moral practices. However, reading magazines has not influenced peoples habits compared to watching television. Through reading magazines, I get information on the current happenings in both political and fiscal events within the country. Straubhaar, Larose & Davenport (2012) asserts that newspapers apart from educating the masses, they are a massive literature source for entertainment to the public. The foremost part of this study will discuss reading magazines as the first act of consumption thereafter, reading magazines by different audiences. Magazine in this case applies to informative written materials such as newspapers and trade journals (Sparks 2012). Through reading publications, I was able to get an insight on the happenings that promoted CSR within the country. Media enhanced my knowledge for understanding the use of technology and other forms of improvements such as the innovation of electronic commerce activities. It happened after reading manuals and other writings about the use of electronic equipments. According to Aggarwal, & Gupta, (2001), media acts as a source of revenue for practitioners in the reporting field such as journalists. Media can act as a tool for promoting nationalism among populations. Through media, institutions have been able to conduct research in various fields of practice such as science and art. Media use is for the public good like promoting ethics within populations (Sparks 2012). Ideas from magazine articles help in creating awareness for urgent CSR issues requiring critical attention. Likewise, authorities use media to develop nationalism by encouraging citizens to read. It increases literacy levels of individuals, and it is the best mode communicating at speed within communities. Public relations are an integral part of mass media, which greatly contribute towards effective communication by individuals. In the current technologically advanced era, organizations strongly f ocus towards providing superior cooperate assistance to various communities (Straubhaar, & Larose 2006). Ideally, journalists have the requisite capacity to investigate communal needs and expectations regarding specific projects that would improve their social and environmental setting. CSR is vital for institutions to give back realized fortunes to locals through identified projects to strengthen the existing bond between the corporation and community members. According

Attitude Of Young Adults Towards Drinking Milk In Pkaitsan Essay Example for Free

Attitude Of Young Adults Towards Drinking Milk In Pkaitsan Essay

Males, Females, and Science Careers Essay -- Career Issues

Through various appropriate and contemporary literatures, this assignment will discuss a universal issue in science. It will evaluate the contributing factors and consequences of the issue and propose suitable resolutions to overcome it. This issue is the differentiation in males and females pursuing science linked careers. Attention should be drawn to the detail that the majority of existing literature on the issue originates from female sources. This is undoubtedly because it is females that are essentially affected by the issue, thus more interest being directed to addressing the issue by females. Although it cannot be proven, this leaves room for potentially bias statements and for this reason all the sources within the assignment are from published sources and organisational bodies to make attempts for a fair, critical look at the issue. Nationally and internationally, the proportion of females entering science careers, although increasing through the years, remains lesser to their male counterparts (Sikora and Proporek, 2012). It is imperative that an attempt for equilibrium in the numbers of males and females electing science as a career is reached; â€Å"men and women may bring different perspectives and interests to scientific research† (Sikora and Proporek, 2012, p. 235), resulting in a wide range of angles and dedication being placed into all areas of science. Investigations and statistics reveal that this is not currently the case and that males are predominantly interested in the Chemical and Physical elements of science compared to women who take more interest in the Biological sciences (Poulson, 2009; UCAS, 2011). Further reasons for the need to eradicate inequalities include a demand for an increase in female ro... ...e/article/gender-bias-in-teaching/ (Accessed 25: March 2012). Sevo, R. (2008) The case for Title IX compliance in science and engineering [Online]. Available at: http://momox.org/TitleIXCase.pdf (Accessed: 23 March 2012). Sikora, J. and Pokropek, A. (2012) ‘Gender Segregation of Adolescent Science Career Plans in 50 Countries’, Science Education, 96 (2), pp. 234-264. Soard, L. (2012) Textbooks vs Computer Teaching. Available at: http://home-school.lovetoknow.com/Textbooks_Versus_Computer_Teaching (Accessed: 25 April 2012). UCAS (2010) UCAS statistics [Online]. Available at: http://search1.ucas.co.uk/fandf00/index6.html. (Accessed: 20 March 2012). Zittleman, K. (2010) Gender Bias is Alive and Well and is Affecting Our Children [Online]. Available at: http://www.pta.org/Gender_Bias_Is_Alive_and_Well_and_Affecting_Our_Children.pdf (Accessed: 25 March 2012).

Lady Macbeth is referred to as a ‘fiend-like queen’ Essay

At the end of the play lady Macbeth is referred to as a ‘fiend-like queen’. Do you agree with this final assessment of her and can we hold her in any way responsible for the chaos and destruction there is at the play’s conclusion? Through focused analysis of Shakespeare’s presentation of her character, give your response to this interpretation. Consider: * The influence she has on her husband * Audience reaction then and now * And anything else you feel is relevant Malcolm gives one of the many different opinions of Lady Macbeth, when he comments on her ambitious and manipulative side. He calls her â€Å"fiend-like.† Another opinion which is less associated with her is the gentle woman’s opinion near the end as she is pitied by her in regards to her conscience and guilt for the murders and for chaotic situation in Scotland. She is viewed as the source of destruction in Scotland by some and is pitied by others. At the time Macbeth was written James I was on the throne. At that time people believed in the divine right of kings, they believed that the king was a spokes person from god and to murder a king would have been seen as the most abominable of crimes. So for Macbeth and lady Macbeth to commit the murder of Duncan who is a king would have been seen as evil and sacrilegious. Macbeth was performed around 1611 for James I and it reflects his interests in witchcraft from his own personal experiences at the time. A modern audience would be more cynical of the idea of witchcraft whereas a Shakespearean audience believed that witches were real and would have been more afraid of some of the themes and happenings in the play. Lady Macbeth is seen as being even more ambitious than her husband and has fewer moral scruples. She urges Macbeth to kill Duncan, and refuses to understand his doubts and hesitations. Gradually her close relationship with Macbeth crumbles into nothing because of this. She is first introduced to the play when she is reading a letter from Macbeth which is addressed to her. In the letter Macbeth calls her, â€Å"my dearest partner in greatness† this is unusual because in the time the play is set it was odd for women to be of equal status to men, but Macbeth who is also her husband sees her as his partner and therefore equal. Upon reading the letter she immediately jumps to the unusual conclusion of murdering Duncan for Macbeth to become king as prophesied and already starts to plot what she has to do to fulfil what she has been told will happen. When Macbeth comes home she tells him of her plan of murdering Duncan which is similar to what Macbeth thinks when he is made Thane of Cawdor, only Macbeth dismisses the thought and reasons with himself that it is wrong were Lady Macbeth is resolute and even goes so far to call on ‘evil spirits’ to ‘unsex’ her â€Å"Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, to cry ‘hold, hold'†. She sees that Macbeth is not as determined as she is about the murder and sees his tendency to think of the consequences of their actions and sees it as a crucial weakness in her plan which shows selfishness in her character. She tells him, â€Å"Look like th’innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t† the imagery of a flower shows that he should look ‘sweet’ and innocent on the outside so as not to arouse suspicion but, that on the inside he should be able to be as harsh and deadly as a serpent. When she invokes evil spirits to ‘unsex’ her and take away her femininity the language used by Shakespeare is Iambic pentameter, which he uses to show the status of a character and that she is as equal as Macbeth and Macduff who also speak in Iambic pentameter in the play as most of her speeches in the play are in this form. Her speech as she calls on evil spirits is of this form of language to show the importance in what she is asking and how it will affect her in the rest of the play. The use of rhyming couplets and Iambic pentameter makes the communication more memorable to the audience. although when it comes to the murder she cannot kill Duncan herself because of the way he resembles her father, â€Å"Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t† this might show her character as being not completely evil because of the love for her father and shows us a humane side of her and that she relies on the ‘evil spirits’ to conceal her emotions. The words used like â€Å"come† and â€Å"fill† shows the urgency and highlights her determination, and the violent and inhuman imagery used like â€Å"You murdering ministers†, â€Å"That my keen knife† and â€Å"Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood,† emphasises her determination even more. The violent imagery of a brutal murder of a child â€Å"And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this† reinforces the concept that innocence is destroyed in Scotland when Macbeth become king by use of deceit, treachery and brutality. The tactics she uses to make Macbeth commit the murder are manipulative ones; she uses his ambition against him and could only have persuaded him to go through with her plans by using his soaring ambition. Another tactic she uses is whenever Macbeth disagrees with her she attacks his ‘manhood’ and sense of pride which is another form of manipulation, â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man†. She is also shown as an intelligent person as she is able at the banquet when Macbeth is drawing suspicion to himself to quickly think of excuses â€Å"My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth. Pray you ,keep seat† another example of her quick thinking is just after the murder of Duncan where again Macbeth is drawing attention to them by ‘over acting’ him being innocent, she faints to draw the attention away from Macbeth and so they don’t become suspicious. She is a controlled decisive character compared to Macbeth as he struggles to make up his mind if it is right to commit the murder whereas Lady Macbeth makes the decision and keeps it. She is also very perceptive as she realises Macbeth’s dilemma with his conscience, â€Å"Your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read strange matters.† She is compared to her husband Macbeth. Macbeth is also ambitious but not so much as Lady Macbeth, she doesn’t think of the consequences like Macbeth. She just goes through with the plan of murder and has to call on ‘evil spirits’ to suppress the guilt that she knows she will feel. Only it back fires and she becomes so over come with guilt she begins to sleepwalk and become paranoid of seeing a ‘spot’ of blood on her hand that will not come off no matter how many times she washes her hands. The ‘spot’ of blood represents the guilt she feels and how she subconsciously (in her sleep) tries to get rid of it. Where as Macbeth deals with his guilt in a different way and pushes Lady Macbeth further and further away putting a strain on their once strong relationship. He becomes paranoid and deals with it and accepts the fact that what he did was wrong but he can’t go back and so carries down the path that leads to his destruction. As the play progresses she begins to lose her confidence and Macbeth seems to gain more. They are like a ‘set of scales’ that they both evenly balance out another and there always has to be a more dominate partner even though they address each other as equals. As she starts to descend and become more unstable she invokes some sympathy from a modern audience where in a Shakespearean audience would have seen her as a witch and therefore would not have sympathy for her at all, in fact they would probably would have seen her getting what she deserves and would have been happy in hearing of her death because at the time witchcraft would have been seen as evil and at the start of the play where she calls on ‘evil spirits’ is an example of witchcraft whereas a modern audience is more sceptical. The majority of a modern audience would not believe in witches or ‘evil spirits’. Lady Macbeth is compared with other characters in the play. Another character is Lady Macduff. Lady Macduff is shown in the play as what a woman of that time is supposed to be. This would be, caring and protective over her children where Lady Macbeth is shown to have none of theses feminine qualities because instead of caring and nurturing she has ambition and cruelty. And example of this would be, in a speech to Macbeth about how committed to the murder she is she talks about if she had promised Macbeth that she would kill her first born as he had promised to kill Duncan for her. She says, â€Å"Dash’d the brains out, had I sworn as you have done to this† this is a rather graphic and violent image and shows that she has none of the stereotypical qualities associated with women and that’s what makes her so different from lady Macduff. Lady Macduff protects her children and describes herself as a wren protecting her young ones â€Å"for the poor wren, the mist diminutive of birds, will fight, her young ones in her nest against the owl† the bird imagery is also used around and by Lady Macbeth but it is mostly the crow which is seen as a symbol of evilness and death. It is interesting that both Lady Macbeth and Lady Macduff see Macduff as a traitor for leaving his family, which shows some similarity in their morals. Even the language Shakespeare uses for her changes from blank verse to prose. This shows the disintegration of her character and how she is slowly losing her status in the play and also her state of mind. It is almost like she has been driven insane by suppressing her guilt. And because of that guilt the relationship between her and Macbeth has fallen apart, not only because of their ambition but also because of her making them pursue the ambitions. This leaves them in a place that they can’t come back from and even though Macbeth accepts that, she cannot and it is almost like she may be blaming herself for how things turned out in the end. Most importantly if she thought perusing their ambitions because she wanted the best for her husband. It eventually leads both of them becoming distant. This example of psychological insight of her character means that maybe she is not as much of a monster if she can feel remorse and guilt even if it is in the form of her subconscious state. When she starts compulsively washing her hands shows a deeply troubled psyche and this contradicts in what she says earlier to Macbeth â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† and then later she talks about the ‘perfumes of Arabia’. Shakespeare’s audience may have associated this with the mark of the devil, where a modern audience might see is as a dramatic representation of her anguish, guilt and torment that she can’t get rid off. This is ironic because at the start of the play just after the murder of Duncan she tells Macbeth to wash his hands but is now trying to wash her own, her reference earlier † What is done cannot be undone† yet she can’t accept her own statement or change the past. The imagery of light and darkness is used around her. The light represents good where darkness shows evil. When she is sleep walking and feeling her guilt it is said that she must have light near her continually, whereas at the start of the play she called on darkness but now it is reversed because she now needs light. When she commits suicide this could be seen as a desperate act to cleanse her mind from the over weighing burden of guilt. She may have just broken down because she has suppressed these emotions whereas Macbeth analysed them and accepted them and therefore could move on, allowing him some release but condemning her into a trap and the only way out was to create her own demised she was that desperate for the guilt to stop tormenting her. In the end of the play after her death and the death of Macbeth, Malcolm refers to her as ‘fiend-like queen’; this is an unfair statement of her character, but some may agree that she is responsible for some of the chaos and destruction at the end of the play, after all it was her ambition that fuelled the cause of Macbeths rampage through Scotland because of his guilt and paranoia that started after she manipulated him into committing murder and becoming a traitor. One could judge her to be an over ambitious person that got sucked in with the idea of power and forgot that it could lead to her downfall. At the beginning of the play she comes across as being vindictive and heartless, a person that takes control and dominates Macbeth in to doing as she says â€Å"To alter favour is to fear. Leave all the rest to me† but as the story goes on she starts to lose that confidence and guilt and doubt start to take over her mind and it is then you start to feel sympathetic towards her. You could feel sorry for her because she had lost everything all because of her ambitious nature and now there was no going back. Some would only agree slightly with the statement Malcolm uses to describe her. At the beginning one may have described her as a ‘fiend’, because of the way she takes charge in the murder and how she immediately jumps to that decision without thinking of the consequences. She is also impatient as she is to not be able to wait to see if the prophecy the witches said will become true. She has to make it become true herself and so takes matters into her own hands and does cause destruction and chaos around her. However she does not do this alone, Macbeth contributes to some of the chaos and destruction even if she was the one to start it. When Macbeth realises that he is in so far that he can not go back instead of stopping the murders he is doing he carries on whereas, Lady Macbeth stops and is consumed by guilt and takes it upon herself to end it. The original source of mischief could be the witches. They might be to blame for the devastation in Scotland, because of the prophecies they made. Without them Macbeth and Lady Macbeth may not have been tempted and tricked by their ambition that caused their downfall. Shakespeare reveals that no villain is entirely ‘fiend-like’ and that there is a source of conscience within everyone. So in fairness the term ‘fiend-like queen’ and the assessment of her holding responsibility for the chaos and destruction and is only partly true. Even though she is a part of the disarray, she is still not solely to blame. After all Macbeth also caused some of that destruction and chaos and even after her death; he carried on with the battle between him and Malcolm. In a way they really were equal partners, because they were both evenly responsible for their own demise and the desegregation in their own mental status and in their relationship with each other, and how their own ambitions became too much for not only the other to control, but for themselves. and that of the other characters in the play. A quote that conveys this is after the murder Lady Macbeth advises Macbeth not to think of his guilt and the irony of the statement she declares is that eventually she does think on the ‘deeds’ and lives the truth in her own declaration. â€Å"These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad†. It would appear that she also wore â€Å"a heart so white† which earlier claimed that she would be ashamed of.

Is Police Brutality a Serious Problem in the US? Essay

Introduction In the article, â€Å"Police Brutality is Over-Sensationalizedâ€Å", Auerback made plenty of logical arguments about the issue of police brutality. But, the statistics he showed was from the city of Chicago. For example the Rodney King case was the first major case tried in court. The Rodney King case was about an African American being pulled over for no apparent reason. Eventually the officer was acquitted of all charges. Why do police officers just feel that they are above the law? Are they above the law? Despite Auerback showing many valid points throughout the article, his argument was very one sided or biased. Summary The article ‘’the article police brutality is Over-Sensationalized’’, (Auerback, 2010) is about police brutality not being as big of a problem as the media makes it out to be. According to Auerback (2010) he claims’’ police brutality is not as commonplace as Americans claim’’. The author uses many statistics but they are only from the city of Chicago. But throughout the entire article he continuously was saying that police are put in challenging positions. 1st major point In the paragraph â€Å"The Thin Lineâ€Å", the author spoke about how excessive force by a police officer was a big problem. Auerback explained that police officers deal with dangerous situations through their regular day. Also, he described cases such as the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles being some of the reason police brutality was widespread. He said that the statistics he used couldn’t explicate a significant reason. In the paragraph â€Å"The Evidence Suggests Otherwiseâ€Å", Auerback clarified statistics showing that  police brutality was not as bad as the media makes it out to be. For example, there was a study done by the Urbana – Champaign independent Media Center on police brutality. The results showed that in Illinois 2854 police officers had complaints about police brutality, but surprisingly only 7 percent of the officers were regulated. Later on in the paragraph Auerback argued that police officers have the right to use excessive force to a certain extent. Basically in this paragraph the author is arguing that there isn’t enough evidence to prove police brutality isn’t a big deal. The paragraph â€Å"having the Opposite Effectâ€Å", Auerback explained how the media portrays the police sometimes makes the job harder, and hurts he communities. Throughout the paragraph he showed that police brutality was a very huge charge. Also the author showed that not all police officers are bad guys as the media portrays them. 2nd Major Point There were many logical arguments and valid questions to ask during the article â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å". One logical argument about the article would be why were there only a few arguments? If the author would have made the article a two-way debate about police brutality. The article would be drastically changed. Auerback did explain police brutality could be a problem but, he explained police are always in the right basically. Another question I had that wasn’t answered was are all police officers bad? There are valid examples that some police officers take their authority too far. Such as the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles made police brutality come to the light. But, because of some police officers making bad decisions and using excessive force, they give police a bad name. Lastly, another argument would be that a police officers` is very dangerous, but are they above the law? Most police officers are some of the nicest people you will meet. They put their lives on the line to serve and protect us citizens. However when you look at the statistics shown in the article they show cops get away a lot of crimes. Such as in the article the statistics done in Chicago. Throughout five years Chicago saw 1774 complains per year with only 5% of the officer having the complaints. But, in the identical survey done only 1 percent had enough evidence to start a case. That is very disturbing to hear. Why do the police officers get away with  such crimes? The reason is there is just not much evidence to prove the point. The three logical points made by the article would be the police was above the law, and why do they have so much power. 3rd Major Point Auerbacks` angle of vision was very demanded by his background which gives him ethos or credibility but also shows he could be biased. His background gives him a lot of credibility. For example he had seventeen years of experience in public policy and political science. He graduated from Boston College Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, also working as a federal contractor. With all being said his perspective is biased by him working with the government. The governments’ perspective is that the government is always right. Which Auerbacks’ angle of vision is basically police are always in the right no matter what. If the author would have shown both sides of the issue of police brutality the article would be more credible. Also, the statistics shown in the article was only from the city of Chicago. If Auerback showed statistics of the entire country instead of using just a metropolitan city then the article wouldn’t be so biased. Auerbacks` angle of vision discredited the article. The author made it seem like officers always has a reason to use excessive force. Conclusion In conclusion, the article â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å", spoke about how police officers use excessive force and how it was a huge problem. The author tried to downplay the issue by using examples of cases where the police officers was in the right. But, in reality there are plenty of examples of police officers using excessive force for no reason at all. His argument throughout the article was that the media over-exposes the issue. Auerback used only a certain amount of logical arguments. Despite Auerback showing many valid points throughout the article, his argument was very one-sided or biased. Works Cited Auerback, Michael. â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å". John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, June Johnson. â€Å"The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writingâ€Å" 7th Edition

Aircraft Warfare in WWI

Aircraft Warfare in WWI During the first World War,  the industrialization of the aircraft industry became entrenched as a vital piece of the modern war machine. Although it was just shy of two decades after the first airplane  was flown in the United States in 1903, by the time the WWI broke out, the military already had plans for these new means of warfare. In the years leading up to World War One, military aviation was sponsored by powerful people in government and business, and by 1909 both France and Germany had military air branches with a focus on reconnaissance and bombing. During the war, the belligerents quickly took to the air to gain an advantage. Pilots were initially sent up on missions to photograph enemy bases and troop movements so war strategists could plan their next moves, but as pilots began shooting at one another, the idea of aerial combat emerged as a new means of warfare that would someday evolve into the drone-strike technology we have today. The Invention of Aerial Combat The biggest leap forward in early aerial combat came when Frenchman Roland Garros attached a machine gun to his plane, making an attempt to synchronize with the propeller and use metal bands to deflect bullets from this vital piece of machinery. After a brief period of aerial dominance, Garros crashed and the Germans were able to study his craft. Dutchman Anthony Fokker, who was working for the Germans, then created interrupter gear to allow a machine gun to be safely shot and miss the propeller. Fierce aerial combat with dedicated fighter planes then followed. The cult of the air ace and their tally of kills was close behind; it was used by British, French, and German media to inspire their nations and none were more famous than Manfred von Richthofen, better known as the Red Baron  because of the color of his plane. Plane technology, pilot training, and aerial combat techniques all developed rapidly during the first parts of World War One, with advantage switching back and forth with each new development. Battle formation developed by around 1918, when there could be more than a hundred planes all working on the same attack plan. The Effects of the War Training was just as deadly as flying; over half of the Royal Flying Corps casualties occurred in training and, as a result, the air arm had become a recognized and highly distinguished part of the military. However, neither side ever achieved total air superiority for very long though the Germans briefly managed to cover their small base at  Verdun  in 1916 with a dominant air cover. By 1918, aerial warfare had become so important that there were thousands of planes crewed and supported by hundreds of thousands of people, all produced by a massive industry. Despite the belief- then and now- that this war was fought by individuals daring to fly for either side, aerial warfare was really one of attrition instead of victory. The effect of aircraft on the outcome of the war was indirect. They didn’t achieve victories but were invaluable in supporting infantry and artillery. Despite the evidence to the contrary, people left the war assuming that the aerial bombardment of civilians could destroy morale and end a war sooner. The German bombing of Britain- via zeppelin in 1915- failed to have any effect and the war continued anyway. Still, this belief persisted into WWII where both sides terror-bombed civilians in order to try to force a surrender.

5 Steps to Create Your Own Career Path

5 Steps to Create Your Own Career Path Whether you’re a recent grad trying to plan your next steps, hoping to move up in the ranks in your current office, a career changer who’s ready for new professional opportunities, or returning to the workforce after time away, The National Association of Professional Women has provided a list of planning tips to get you started! Step 1: EvaluateFirst things first–begin by taking stock of your current job or skill-set; are there potential opportunities for advancement? Are you satisfied there? Do you need to look into new certifications or positions that might interest you more?Step 2: Write It DownWhether you like to write on paper or type a note in your phone, capture your brainstorming in some visual way so you can refer back to it regularly. It’s the best way to hold yourself accountable to your list of goals and career objectives.Step 3: NetworkFrom senior colleagues to mentors from past educational or professional opportunities, chances are you alrea dy know people who can help you learn more about the field you’re hoping to enter or advance in. Ask questions, take people out for coffee, reconnect online, and attend local career fairs in search of advice and behind-the-scenes insights. Your friends and co-workers can’t help you find it if they don’t know what you’re looking for!Step 4: Seek HelpYou may want to consider working with a professional career coach, who can assess your background and potential objectively, to help prepare and motivate your quest to make significant career changes. Temp agencies may also be able to help you find short term gigs that pay the bills, fill your resume and keep you busy.Step 5: Monitor and ReviewChange doesn’t happen overnight–check in with your list of goals, be patient, and take it from the National Association of Professional Women–â€Å"Remember, be flexible, stay positive and keep forging ahead.†Remember to take good care of yours elf too–whether you’re searching for an entirely new job or hoping to make changes in your current role, it can be stressful and time-consuming, but taking the time to self-evaluate and make a wish-list can help you stay focused and identify opportunities to make progress.5 Steps to Creating a Career Path That Will Work For YouRead More at The Business Journals–

The more advances that are made in Medicine, the more things stay the Scholarship Essay

The more advances that are made in Medicine, the more things stay the same. Discuss - Scholarship Essay Example The likely development of resistance or tolerance compromises the successful application of therapeutic from the first day of usage. This applies to agents in the treatment of fugal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in addition to the treatment of chronic ailments including diabetes and cancer among many more. Furthermore, it is true to diseases caused by living things among them animals, human beings, plants, insects, and fish. Fifty years after the discovery of infectious agents, the discovery and application of antibiotics provided an immediate solution to one of the main diseases that wiped communities (Correll, 2001, p. 1708). They took a major step in revolutionizing medicine in various perspectives. Doctors saved millions of lives since then to date. The discovery of antibiotics became a turning point in the history of humanity. Sadly, continued use of antibiotics resulted into the development of resistance resulting in the appearance of strains resistant to drugs. Experts in the medical profession now send a warning that the world would easily return to the ear before the discovery of antibiotics. Reports from the World Health Organization show that at present, there are more than twenty thousand genes with the capacity to resistant treatment. Scholars refer to these genes as the r genes. The more than twenty thousand genes are in more than four hundred different types. Health experts have the capac ity to predict the genome impacts (Deutsch, 2007, p. 121). The good side of it is that there are few of such functional resistance within pathogens. Over the past sixty years academicians have delved into writing literature that describes the biochemistry and genetics of origins, various ways of antibiotic resistance, and evolution. Form of action, antibiotic discovery, as well as perspectives of resistance continue to produce productive topics for research in the

Definition of autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Definition of autism - Essay Example et al., 2004). Clinicians and researchers have achieved consensus on the validity of autism as a diagnostic category and many features central to its definition. It is somewhat surprising and very encouraging to note that, as greater consensus has been achieved on the definition of strictly defined autism, an interesting and helpful discussion on issues of broader phenotype or potential variants of autism has begun. Today, there is a broad agreement that autism is a developmental disorder, and autism and associated disorders in the spectrum represent the behavioural manifestations of underlying dysfunction in the functioning of the central nervous system (Minshew, N.J. and Williams, D.L., 2007). Within this, it can also be included that sustained educational and behavioural interventions are useful and constitute the core treatment of such condition (Klin, A., Jones, W., Schultz, R., Volkmar, F., and Cohen, D., 2002). In 1943, Kanner's seminal clinical description of 11 children with "autistic disturbances of affective contact" has endured till date. His description of autism was grounded in data and theory of child development. Children those are normal exhibit marked interest in social interaction from early in life (Kanner, L., 1946). Kanner suggested that early infantile autism is an inborn, constitutional disorder in which children are born lacking the typical motivation for social interac tion and affective comments. He used the model of inborn errors of metabolism to explain that individuals with autism are born without the biological preconditions for psychologically metabolizing the social world. The term autism was borrowed from Bleuler who first used autism to describe idiosyncratic, self-centered thinking (Bleuler, M., 1979). Kanner used this term to suggest that autistic children too live in their own world. It represents a failure of development and fantasy is impoverished if present at all (Kanner, L., 1951). In addition to the remarkable social failure, the one of the other features that may be present in such individuals is profound disturbance of communication to the extent that some of them may be mute (Nacewicz, B.M. et al., 2006). The language disturbance in others may be marked by echolalia and literalness as well as a fascinating difficulty with acquiring the use of the first person, personal pronoun, "I." These children, therefore, refer to themselves in the third person, "he" or by first name. Another intriguing feature is the children's unusual responses to intimate environment. This can be exemplified by unresponsiveness to parents, yet over-sensitiveness to the small changes in daily routine or simply environmental sounds. The three prime criteria enumerated by Kanner still hold good, and they are to date used to define autism. These are unusual social isolation, resistance to change, and dysfunction in communication (Landa, R.J., Holman, K.C., and Garrett-Mayer, E., 2007). It has now been recognised that parental behaviour as such plays no role in pathogenesis of autism. It is now known that children with autism are found in families of all social classes, and more recent data and rigorous research have failed to demonstrate association with social classes (Stone, W.L., McMahon,

The impact of Multi-Tasking on Performance Research Paper

The impact of Multi-Tasking on Performance - Research Paper Example The objective of this research is the term multitasking has been commonly used in business and project management to describe the act of putting one’s focus on more than one projects at a given time. Multitasking is taken by many as a survival tactic that some adopt to cope with the flood of information going their way. Generally, multitasking is a skill everyone has to have as life can impose on an individual numerous things needing their attention. Project management is no different from these real- life situations. Actually project managers are at times considered to be the key individuals who considering the amount of time they have to dedicate to multiple projects in their firms and their employees. Human beings have always possessed the ability to multitask and attend to a number of things at once, since the ancient times. However, the phenomenon of multitasking has without a doubt reached a new level with the introduction and innovation of technology. Although many face ts of an individual’s networked life have remained untouched by scientific research, there is enough evidence from scientific studies on how the brain manages multitasking; and basically, a lot of this evidence indicates that the brain does not have enough capacity to effectively manage and cope with more than one task. As it follows, when one thinks that they are multitasking just because they can burn a cd and listen to music at the same time they are wrong, because all they are really doing toggling among these tasks other than processing them simultaneously. (Adcock, et al.,2008). The toggling of actions or the switching of one’s attention between tasks occurs in the area of the brain located behind the forehead and it is referred to as the Brodmann’s area in the anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. According to functional magnetic resonance imaging done by Grafman and

Elements Of The Service Marketing Mix Marketing Essay

Elements Of The Service Marketing Mix Marketing Essay Marketing mix is the key concept in the marketing task. It is the strategy used to perform marketing functions. Marketing mix according to De Aze is the planned package of elements which will support the organization in reaching its target markets and specific objectives. Marketing mix helps to position the library or information service very firmly in the perceptions of their communities served the wider community for the public library, academic community for the academic library or the clients and customers for the business or specialist information service. Marketing mix needs more properly to be termed marketing mixes, to encourage librarians and information managers to perceive the value of different marketing mixes for specific market segments or groups of users. These are inter-related, interdependent, and also a combination of many factors. C:UsersAjayDownloads69e6aa0beac8f353cdcc2768df8d9bdb_LARGE.png Product: As seen in the goods-service continuum, your product can have both tangible and intangible aspects, and is the thing you offer to satisfy your customers wants and needs. Within this element, you need to consider such things as your product range; its quality and design; its features and the benefits it offers; sizing and packaging; and any add-on guarantees and customer service offerings. Price: Sound pricing decisions are crucial to a successful business and should be considered at both long-term strategic and short-term tactical levels. Within this element of the mix you should consider list price and discount price; terms and conditions of payment; and the price sensitivity of your market. Worth remembering is the connection of price to your position in the marketing specifically that only one operator in any market can be the cheapest. Jostling between competitors for this position is rarely wise. Promotion: This is the element of the marketing mix that most people mean when they talk about marketing. But jumping straight into decisions about what promotional tools to use without considering their relationship to the rest of the mix can be a sure-fire way to waste money. There are many different promotional techniques, each with their own strengths but essentially they can be broken down into four broad categories: Advertising; Public Relations; Sales Promotions; and Direct Selling. These techniques are used to communicate the specific benefits of your product to your customers. Place: Marketers love models that explain the way they work; they love it even more when elements of each model begin with the same letter hence the use of the word Place to describe distribution channels. Your choice of such channels is important, as is the variety of channels you use. For example, a common issue for businesses beginning to trade on-line is how that will affect their off-line business, for example selling directly through the web could alienate retail outlets that have been the mainstay of your business in the past. People: The impact that your people can have on your marketing cannot be underestimated. At its most obvious, this element covers your front line sales and customer service staff who will have a direct impact on how your product is perceived. You need to consider the knowledge and skills of your staff; their motivation and investment in supporting your brand. Any element of the marketing mix will also have its impact on other elements of your business, but the people element is one where the importance of regarding marketing as an integral part of the way you do business is crystal clear. Process: The process part of the mix is about being easy to do business with. If youve ever become frustrated at call centers that cant answer your questions, or annoyed when you cant buy something in a shop because the computerized till doesnt recognize that it exists, even when you can see it on the shelves, youll know how important this element can be. The more high contact your product, and the more intangible, the more important it is to get your processes right. Remember to look at this from your customers point of view. The process problems that are most annoying to a customer are those that are designed for the providers convenience, not the customer. Physical Evidence: When you sell tangible goods, you can offer your customer the chance to try before they buy, or at least see, touch or smell. With services, unless you offer a free trial, your customer will often be buying on trust. And to help them do so you need to provide as much evidence of the quality you will be providing as possible. So physical evidence refers to all the tangible, visible touch points that your customer will encounter before they buy, from your reception area and signage, to your staffs clothing and they images you include in you corporate brochure. 7ps service marketing mix in mc Donalds After segmenting the market, finding the target segment and positioning itself, each company needs to come up with an offer. The 7 Ps used by McDonalds are: Product   Product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. Product includes certain aspects such as packaging, guarantee, looks etc. This includes both the tangible and the non tangible aspects of the product and service. McDonalds has intentionally kept its product depth and product width limited. McDonalds studied the behaviour of the Indian customer and provided a totally different menu as compared to its International offering. It dropped ham, beef and mutton burgers from the menu. India is the only country where McDonalds serve vegetarian menu. Even the sauce and cheese used in India are 100% vegetarian. McDonalds continuously innovates its products according to the changing preferences and tastes of its customers. The recente xample is the introduction of the Chicken Maharaja Mac. McDonalds bring with it a globally reputed brand, world class food quality and excellent customer specific product features.   McDonalds Indian Menu: Vegetarian McVeggie McAlooTikki Paneer Salsa Wrap McCurry Pan Pizza McPuff   Non vegetarian Chicken Maharaja Mac McChicken Burger Shahi Chicken McCurry Wrap Chicken Mexican Fillet-O-Fish Chicken McNuggets   Price   Pricing includes the list price, the discount functions available, the financing options available etc. It should also take into the consideration the probable reaction from the competitor to the pricing strategy. This is the most important part of the marketing mix as this is the only part which generates revenue. All the other three are expenses incurred. The price must take into consideration the appropriate demand-supply equation. McDonalds came up with a very catchy punch line Aap ke zamane mein ,baap ke zamane ke daam. This was to attract the middle and lower class consumers and the effect can clearly be seen in the consumer base McDonalds has now. McDonalds has certain value pricing and bundling strategies such as happy meal, combo meal, family meal and happy price menu to increase overall sales volumes. Place   The place mainly consists of the distribution channels. It is important so that the product is available to the customer at the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity. Nearly 50% of U.S.A is within a 3 minute drive from a McDonalds outlet. There is a certain degree of fun and happiness that a customer feels each time he dines at McDonalds. There are certain value propositions that McDonalds offer to its customers based on their needs. McDonalds offers hygienic environment, good ambience and great service. Now McDonalds have also started giving internet facility at their centers and they have been playing music through radio instead of the normal music. There are certain dedicated areas for children where they can play while their parents can have some quality time together. Promotion The various promotion channels being used by McDonalds to effectively communicate the product information are given above. A clear understanding of the customer value helps decide whether the cost of promotion is worth spending. There are three main objectives of advertising for McDonalds are to make people aware of an item, feel positive about it and remember it. The right message has to be communicated to the right audience through the right media. McDonalds does its promotion through television, hoardings and bus shelters. They use print ads and the television programmers are also an important marketing medium for promotion. Some of the most famous marketing campaigns of McDonalds are:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You deserve a break today, so get up and get away- To McDonalds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aap ke zamane mein ,baap ke zamane ke daam.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Food, Folks, and Fun Im loving it. People   McDonalds understands the value of both its employees and its customers. It understands the fact that a happy employee can serve well and result in a happy customer. McDonald continuously does Internal Marketing. This is important as it must precede external marketing. This includes hiring, training and motivating able employees. This way they serve customers well and the final result is a happy customer. The level of importance has changed to be in the following order (the more important people are at the top): 1. Customers 2. Front line employees 3. Middle level managers 4. Front line managers Processes   McDonalds worldwide is well known for the high degree of respect for the local customs and culture. McDonalds has developed a menu especially for India with vegetarian selections to suit Indian tastes and preferences. Keeping in line with this, McDonalds does not offer any beef or pork items in India. In the last decade it has introduced some vegetarian and non-vegetarian products with local flavors that have appealed to the Indian palate. There have been continuous efforts to enhance variety in the menu by developing more such products. It is completely transparent and visible to the customers, allowing them to judge hygiene standards where the process takes place. The customers are even invited to check the ingredients used in the food. McDonalds has also re-engineered its operations repeatedly in its 11 years in India to address the special requirements of a vegetarian menu. Vegetable products are 100% vegetarian, i.e. They are prepared separately, using dedicated equipment and utensils. Only pure vegetarian oil is used as a cooking medium. Cheese and sauces are completely vegetarian and egg less. Separation of vegetarian and non-vegetarian food products is maintained throughout the various stages of procurement, cooking and serving. Food manufacturing transparent to customers across the counter. Training to the licensees about how to operate the franchise. Invented the most efficient cooking equipment with use of latest technology. New methods of food packaging and distribution are followed Physical evidence   The physical appearance affects not only the impression outsiders have of a business but also the way that business functions. McDonalds focuses on clean and hygienic interiors of its out lets at the same time they are attractive. It maintains a proper decorum at its joints. Staff members dress in McDonalds Dress code with Green shirts, Blue trousers, Black caps and Customized Ronald McDonalds tie. Building maintenance and visible cues are provided by the golden arches, the trademarks and the logos in the premises. The delivery scooters also add to the physicality of the company. 7ps service marketing mix in Pizza Hut After segmenting the market, finding the target segment and positioning itself, each company needs to come up with an offer. The 7 Ps used by Pizza Hut are: PRODUCT Worldwide and in India, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the best pizzas under one roof. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. A critical factor in Pizza Huts success has been its unique dining experience. Crewmembers at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide customer mania the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Over the years Pizza Hut has also developed and successfully introduced a range of products especially suited to the Indian palate. These products like Chicken Tikka, Spicy Korma, Spicy Paneer and the Masala and Tandoori pizzas have been a tremendous success. What has also given Pizza Hut a competitive edge is that in addition to an extensive range of internationally renowned pizzas like The Italian, the proprietary Pan Pizza and Stuffed Crust, in India the menu offers the option of a complete meal. It includes appetizers, a Salad Bar where the customers can make their own fresh salads, a range of soups, pastas and desserts PRICE In the past, Pizza Hut has successfully used the high/low pricing strategy when setting the retail price of its products. The high/low retail pricing strategy allows Pizza Hut to charge a price that is above the competition, but also promote frequent sales to lower the price below them. Both Pizza Hut and the beverage Mountain Dew are Pepsi subsidiaries, bundle pricing will be used.. Pizza Hut will be able to sell two products together at a single price to suggest a good value. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. Pizza Hut can sell The Extreme to the customers who will pay the higher price to be the first to buy and also to the bargain hunters Finally, this strategy will emphasize product and service quality. Pizza Hut sets a high initial price for its products to send a signal to customers that its products are quality and the service is excellent. PROMOTION The objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail (VIP members), but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing door to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques. These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts trys to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. PEOPLE Here the job design is not the most difficult task to do. Also there is no specific requirement for recruiting process. After talking one of the employees in Pizza Hut, we came to know the criteria of selection. The girl was from west India, she was only 10th passed out. After this we it was confirmed that there is no proper requirement of the educational background. The only factor they were considering on the communication skills, how they communicate with the customers. Since the communication is the most important factor between the customer and employee because the whole process is depended on giving the orders for food. For this the Management conducted the training process for the new employees. The Training is given for total 5 days. Out of 5 days, they have 3 days for kitchen training and other 2 days in the main dining, that is, how to take orders and basically how to communicate with customers and make them happy by their services. PROCESS The design of the process of the pizza hut is very efficient .pizza hut do not follow any kind of hierarchy , all the employee is at the same level ,pizza hut has a very prescribe and well known process by adopting various technology software which help them to upgrade their supply management and also manage their crowd of customer efficiently. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE The ambience of the pizza hut is good enough to catch up the people .they provide a very good dining experience with high quality of atmosphere in terms of their physical evidence. And pizza hut always try to upgrade with changing environment and modernization is key of success of the pizza hut.

Sanitation and Plagues of Elizabeth?s England :: essays research papers fc

In Elizabethan times, living conditions of an everyday townsman was quite indecent. Elizabethan’s lived in houses that were extremely close to one another, which made it quite easy to disregard such a necessity to keep the streets and living surroundings clean. People threw all of the waste outside of their windows, which included, their feces, dead cats and dogs, and also kitchen waste. Eventually, when it would rain, the rain would wash all of the rancid waste into local waters. There were â€Å"regulations against people washing clothes in or near waters used for drink, or against washing the entrails of beasts after slaughter†(Rowse 156). â€Å"†¦it is evident from innumerable documents how frequently they were broken† (Rowse 156). As long as people lived in small groups, isolated from each other, there were not many incidents of widespread disease. But as civilization progressed, people began clustering into cities. As the cities grew and became crowded, they also became the nesting places of water-borne, insect-borne, and skin-to-skin infectious diseases. The Elizabethans shared communal water, handled unwashed food, stepped in excrement from casual discharge of manure, and used urine for dyes, bleaches, and ev en treatment of wounds. As A.L. Rowse mentions, â€Å"many of the citizens possessed chamber pots, usually made of tin, or close stools.† The close stools were put in the cockloft, the sleeping quarters of the Elizabethans. This would obviously reek of horrible odors and force the townsmen to dump them as soon as possible into the slimy cobblestone streets. Many rats and rodents flocked to the littered streets, finding morsels of anything that would satisfy their hunger. This is where the transportation of the plague would come to play. As the rodents feasted on the waste, the plague-infested fleas would jump to the nearest passerby. â€Å"The most devastating to England was the bubonic plague. Also known as, â€Å""The Black Death", because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe, and medieval medicine had nothing to combat it†(Rice). London was afflicted over a dozen times during the 1500’s (Miller and Orr)†. Winters were usually mild, allowing the rats and rodents, which carried fleas to stay active throughout the winter months. â€Å"Typhus fever is another disease born of bad sanitation. It is also known as, "jail fever" or "ship fever," because it was so common among men held captive in such putrid surroundings. The disease was highly contagious and usually transmitted through human feces and lice that infested the unclean bodies of the Elizabethans.