Haven't decide it yet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Haven't choose it yet - Essay Example Intermingling in the realm of media is tied in with having an agreement between at least two organizations that utilizes the Internet as a medium so as to draw in more buyers to disparage their items and administrations. By expanding the extent of the administrations a media transmission is offering its objective purchasers, the organization is making upper hands against its competetitors. relationship into the act of diversifying inside a similar organization. In the book of Henry Jenkins entitled â€Å"Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide†, the writer talked about union as a social procedure that coordinates the utilization of pictures, sounds, brands, and business relationship among the various media framework. Considering the way that the business relationship among the various kinds of media framework is being incorporated, this examination will lead an essential and optional exploration to inspect and decide how it is conceivable to establishment media in a telecom organization. The all out number of Internet clients in the United States has arrived at 427,569,939 or 46.1% of America’s complete populace starting at 2009 (Internet World Stats). In view of the constantly expanding number of Internet clients everywhere throughout the world, the presence of the Internet has been grouped by Jenkins as a â€Å"active medium† (Jenkins, Confessions of an Aca-Fan). Without incorporating the media transmission administrations with the entrance to the Internet, the nearness of the cell phones are viewed as a â€Å"passive medium† (on the same page). In view of the ongoing Internet World Stats report, the all out number of Internet portable broadband endorsers in the U.S. advertise has arrived at an aggregate of 69,902,289 as of the finish of second quarter of 2009 (Internet World Stats). In accordance with this, the 0.92% expansion in the all out number of versatile broadband clients means the requirement for media transmission organizations to continue improving the portable administrations they render to the general population. Combination in media is alluding to the

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men Essay Example

Positive Affect and Negative Affectivity

Positive Affect and Negative Affectivity Happiness Print How the Positive Affect Combats Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 23, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 21, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Martin Barraud / Getty Images Positive affect refers to one’s propensity to experience positive emotions and interact with others and with life’s challenges in a positive way.  Conversely, negative affect involves experiencing the world in a more negative way, feeling negative emotions and more negativity in relationships and surroundings.  These two states are independent of one another, though related; someone can be high in positive and negative affect, high in just one, or low in both.  Both states affect our lives in many ways, particularly when it comes to stress and how we handle it. Positive Affect and Stress Positive affect is associated with other characteristics of people who tend to be happier, like optimism, extraversion, and success.  However, positive affect isn’t just another by-product of a happy, less stressful lifeâ€"it’s an influencing factor. Positive affect can bring lower levels of stress on its own.  It’s not just that those who are optimistic and successful extraverts experience positive affect because they have so much to be happy about, and they just happen to be less stressed. You can experience greater resilience toward stress simply by cultivating positive affect or taking steps to get into a better mood more often. The Broaden and Build Theory Psychologist Barbara Fredrickson has extensively researched the effects of positive affect on stress and has come up with a model of how positive affect interacts with resilience, known as the broaden and build theory of positive psychology. Fredrickson and others have found that when we give ourselves a lift in mood, this can expand (or broaden) our perspective so that we notice more possibilities in our lives, and this enables us to more easily take advantage of (to build upon) these resources. These resources include the following: Physical Resources: This includes energy, stamina, fitness, health, and overall wellness.  For example, if you’re in a good mood, you may have more motivation to go to the gym and build your physical resources.Psychological Resources: This includes the ability to choose more optimistic perspectives, pull yourself out of rumination, or withstand hectic schedules without experiencing burnout, for example.  If you’re experiencing more positive affect, for example, you might be less prone to dwelling on the negative and may focus on possibilities in your life.Social Resources: This means more supportive relationships, friends who will give great advice if you ask, lend you a shoulder to cry on, or bring you a casserole if you are going through a difficult time.  If you’re chronically upset, you may drive away those who could be supportive in your life, whereas if you’re exuding positive affect, you may become more of an appealing friend. These increased resources can lead to greater resilience toward stress. Basically, it can work as an upward spiral of positivity where positive affect begets more resilience toward stress and more positive affect. Unfortunately, negative affect can work in the same way. This is why it really helps to cultivate positive moods and pleasure in life; its not just something that will lead to some good feelings at the moment, but it can be a path to less stress and happier life in general. It is well worth the effort of increasing behaviors that lead to positive affect, and fortunately, increasing positive affect is quite simple if you make the effort. How to Increase Your Positive Affect Positive affect can be developed and cultivated.  While affectivity is somewhat inborn, meaning that some people are simply born with a greater propensity for being in a good mood as part of their personality, there are many things you can do to get into the habit if experiencing positive affect more often in your life, and making your good moods even better. Many of these things involve changing our thought patterns and changing the experiences we put ourselves in.  Here are some of the things you can do to increase your experience of positive affect. Maintain a Gratitude Journal: Research shows that writing about what you are grateful for in your life can bring about greater levels of positive affect, and this benefit lasts for quite a while.  Indulge in Life’s Pleasures: If you plan pleasurable experiences into your life, you can be constantly increasing your experience of positive affect and the benefits that come with it.  Just remember to add new pleasures on a regular basis so you don’t become bored.Engage in Hobbies:  Many of us don’t have as much time for hobbies as we’d like, but it’s important to make time. This can not only increase your positive affect, but it can also take your mind off of what may be stressing you, and leave you with a sense of accomplishment.  Practice Loving-Kindness Meditation:  Meditation, in general, is great for stress management, but the loving-kindness meditation is a particularly sweet treat, especially in that it can increase your levels of positive affect and help you feel less s tressed.Exerciseâ€"And Make It Fun!  Physical activity is a powerful stress reliever as well, and there are so many forms of exercise you can engage in, you can find several activities that are fun as well.  Dancing, yoga, cycling, walking with a friend?  Think about what might be fun for you, and do it!  Remember and Savor Positive Experiences:  Research confirms what you probably instinctively know already: that actively savoring positive experiences can prolong the happiness you experience from them!  And this can increase positive affect as well, leading to greater enjoyment of life and more resilience toward stress.  Why not get more out of the great parts of your life by actively savoring them?

The Different Types of Thalassemia and How is Diagnosed

Thalassemia is basically a name for similar groups of inherited blood diseases that involve missing or abnormal genes regarding the protein in hemoglobin which is the red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. I will discuss the different types of Thalassemia, how Thalassemia is diagnosed, and the treatments available. I will also discuss the complications and side effects of the treatments, the disease’s causes and effects, and how it is more dominant in some parts of the world than others. Thalassemia is a blood disorder which means the body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body and having less hemoglobin leads to anemia. Alpha globin and beta†¦show more content†¦Abnormalities on one or both of the genes cause the disorder. The strength of the condition is determined by the damage of the mutation gene in the body and the amount of beta globin genes that carry a mutation called Thalassemia minor, which is also known by a Thalassemia trait. The Thalassemia trait is caused by a missing or abnormality on only one beta globin gene. Diseased individuals generally have no symptoms, though some may develop a mild anemia. However, they can pass the abnormal gene to their children. Thalassemia Intermediate is when both beta globin genes become mutated. These gene abnormalities are less dangerous than Thalassemia major gene abnormalities mostly. These individuals usually have mild to moderate anemia and they develop some of the complications seen in Thalassemia major, such as bone abnormalities or an enlarged spleen. Many affected people require more frequent blood transfusions in order to reduce the risk of complications. Thalassemia major is arguably the most severe form and is the product of damaging mutations on both beta globin protein genes. It also is commonly known by Cooleys anemia, named after the doctor who first identified it in 1925. Most affecte d individuals appear healthy at birth. However, during the first year or two of life, they become have a poor appetite and become pale. They do not growShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Parents With The Sickle Cell Trait1524 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest risk of passing Sickle Cell Anemia to their offspring. In this article, sickle cell anemia is defined as a hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them take on an elongated and rigid sickle shape. In addition, a different type of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. This protein starts to wrap around other red blood cells when oxygen is lacking to form a helical shape. Once this happens the cells clusterRead MoreSickle Cell Disease ( Ocd )939 Words   |  4 Pagesthis disease, both parents have to carry the Sickle Cell Trait. This trait is given to the parents by their parents in which one of them has the sickle cell gene â€Å"S â€Å"and the other has the normal â€Å"A† gene. Children are diagnosed with SCD as early as 4 months old and accurately diagnosed by the age of 6 months old. Normal RBCs are disc shaped in which they are able to easily travel throughout the body, especially through the tiniest blood vessels. However, with sickled shaped RBCs, they clump togetherRead MoreOutline of Treatment with Beta Thalassemia2085 Words   |  8 PagesStory about mother and brother B. Information about beta thalassemia 1. Common in people of African, Mediterranean, Asian and Middle Eastern descent 2.Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder worldwide with beta thalassemia has the most common of the group due to the more than 250 mutations in hemoglobin beta have been linked to causing Beta thalassemia (according to the DNA Learning Center) II.What is Beta Thalassemia? A. Beta thalassemia is a genetic disorder that disturbs the normal productionRead MoreAcknowledgement Of Letter From Assam Medical College Essay2105 Words   |  9 Pages ABSTRACT This study is focused in the haemoglobin disorders and thalassemias which is quite common among certain population of India. In the North Eastern states, particularly Assam which hosts different ethnic groups and tribes, thalassemia is quite common and this study has shown the presence of HbE, HbS traits among the tribal populations. Thalassemia was found to effect the individual at the physical level (coupled with anaemia) and disrupts the overallRead MorePrevalence Of Sickle Cell Anemia1639 Words   |  7 Pagesgene are required. This includes the Alpha and the Beta gene. People with one of these genes are known to have sickle cell traits. There are four types of sickle cell anemia with regard to the different types of mutation affecting the genes. Which are Hemoglobin SS Disease, Hemoglobin SC Disease, Hemoglobin SB + (Beta) Thalassemia, Beta – Zero Thalassemia To add, sickle cell disease is an autosomal inherited genetic disease according to Beyers, (2013) research. It is predominant among people of AfricaRead MoreSymptoms and Treatments of Hemochromatosis756 Words   |  3 Pagesdiseases to diagnose because many symptoms are nonspecific and usually many people don’t show as many symptoms except elevated iron levels in their blood. Most will be treated with blood transfusions until the normal level of iron is reached. If diagnosed early the prognosis is excellent with possible checkups or phlebotomies. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Hemochromatosis is a disease with signs and symptoms that are very â€Å"vague† and can be taken as symptoms for another disease. These nonspecific symptoms areRead MoreEssay on Premarital Checkup and Screening2229 Words   |  9 Pagesfuture, settle down and raise a healthy family. This happens successfully when couples are themselves healthy. However, this desire is sometimes ruined when couples who have already settled realize that one of them had a hereditary disease that was diagnosed earlier before the couple got married. The couples therefore end up having sick children. To counter or minimize the chances of raising sick children, some countries have gone ahead to pass legislation and make it compulsory for couples to undergoRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Prenatal Screening Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pageswomen. Prenatal screening may include blood testing, ultrasound and genetic test and aim to determine if the pregnancy is at a higher risk for a particular birth def ect. The earliest prenatal test is the blood testing. It is used to determine the blood type and Rh factor of a mother and the fetus. This is to prevent the complication caused by antigen-antibody reaction of Rh group of the mother and the fetus which may lead to haemolytic anemia. Besides that, blood test is also able to detect some of theRead MoreEugenics And The Eugenics Movement3686 Words   |  15 Pagesindividually focused through the means of prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Although these two approaches (past and present) to the eugenics movement are conducted in different ways, the motivations behind them are theoretically similar. In this paper, I will be summarizing the history of different eugenics movements in the United States, Germany, and China. Furthermore, I will analyze contemporary eugenics as it relates to the present day fascination with human genetics and selectiveRead MoreSickle Cell Disease And Its Effects1879 Words   |  8 Pages Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease affects approximately 100,000 Americans and millions across the globe (Sobota, 2015). The three most common types of sickle cell disease are Hb SS (sickle cell anemia), Hb SC, and Hb S beta thalassemia, with Hb SS being the most common type (Harris, 2001). Sickle cell disease occurs in individuals who inherit the mutated hemoglobin gene, from one or both of their parents. The mutated hemoglobin, known as Hb S, crystalizes and join together â€Å"into many small

Containment as Universal Doctrine Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Soon this concept of containment was adapted to the whole of Europe. The Truman administration was convinced of the effectiveness of this concept that it sought to give financial aid to the Soviet Union and its allies. However, USSR turned down the offer since it viewed it as a scheme of the United States to control the economies of the communist states (Spalding 98). The doctrine of containment played to bring out the strengths as well as the weakness of the United States. It contributed to the recognition of the United States as a political and economic powerhouse in Europe and the world. Truman had grown increasingly wary of the impact of the increasing influence of the USSR to America’s political and economic interests. Due to this fact, Truman vigorously campaigned for the doctrine of containment to the American people as well as the Congress. However, George Kennan opposed Truman doctrine for its perceived weakness of being too open-minded to extend America’s resources and commitment. The Marshall plan of distributing American resources to allies was seen as a risky undertaking since some of the perceived allies could enter into treaties with USSR. We will write a custom essay sample on Containment as Universal Doctrine or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Some military policies supported by the Truman Doctrine did not auger well with the American policy. Truman doctrine changed the image of the United States from that of promotion of democracy and freedom and upholding human rights to a cruel state driven by a grand strategy agenda. Through the containment policy, the U. S approved undemocratic and immoral foreign policies to woo allies in America’s favor to contain USSR. The government sponsored and supported dissidents in communist territories to topple communism regimes. The doctrine became unpopular to a section of the American people who viewed the government as using the doctrine to commit atrocities such as the bombing of Cambodia (Hill 217). In addition, containment doctrine started to be used as a justification of unconventional and clandestine operational methods in the 1970s and 1980s. It is out of this context that secret organizations such as the CIA developed to powerful machiner y that was beyond the scrutiny of the public. Containment doctrine weakened the diplomatic ties between U. S and USSR. The Gulf and mistrust between USSR and United States widened because of the doctrine of containment. Stalin’s mistrust against the United States grew making it impossible to have a peaceful settlement with the United States. The result of this was converting the United States administration from one that did not meddle with foreign affairs of other states to one that acted the role of a global policeman (Pieper 3, 4).

Roman Empire Its Fall and Power Free Essays

Rome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman Empire: Its Fall and Power or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. Another theory lays the blame at the feet of the Emperor, that the happiness of the people and the functioning of the government was directly correlated with the personal merit and management skills of the reigning authorityRome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. Another theory lays the blame at the feet of the Emperor, that the happiness of the people and the functioning of the government was directly correlated with the personal merit and management skills of the reigning authority Rome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. How to cite Roman Empire: Its Fall and Power, Essay examples

Discussion of Jenine Aliss as an Australian Entrepreneur

Question: Discuss about the Discussion of Jenine Aliss as an Australian Entrepreneur. Answer: Growth and Development of Jenine Aliss as a Successful Entrepreneur Jenine Aliss is one of the successful woman entrepreneurs in Australia. She was born in the year 1965 and grew up in Knoxfield. According to Allis (2013), she went to school but drop out of school at the age of sixteen years against the wishes of her parents. Jenine started working while she was seventeen years old in advertising agency McCann-Erickson. She also engaged in other forms of jobs that included being an assistant gym manager and in modeling. She never attended any form of business training nor went to the University for Studies in order to come up with a business idea that had made her very successful (Allis 2013). She had a desire for traveling from places but she did not have a clear mindset of what she wanted to do in the course of her life. The idea to start the boost juice bar was after a trip in which she traveled with her husband Jeff to the United States in the year 1999. Jenine noticed that the business for smoothies categories and juices were booming in the USA but there was hardly a juice bar in her home country in Australia despite its warm climate (Allis 2013). According to Allis (2013), Aliss was having the urge to start the business but due to other responsibilities like being a touring comedian and publisher deterred her from imagining that at one time she would be a successful entrepreneur. Jenine was an advocate for living a healthy lifestyle and the business idea she developed from the USA would have been the turning point to change the health lifestyle of her family and the community. Belbaly and Cheruy (2013) assert that the awakening of her dream as an entrepreneur was driven by the desire to provide her kids with healthy fast food when on out but the only food that was present in the stores were only sugary, empty calories with high-fat content. She analyzed the local retail sector and she could hardly get healthy fast food snack for her family when she went shopping in the Aussie market. The passion for initiating a juice bar grew bigger after analyzing the market and coming to a conclusion that there were very few healthy snacks for consumption in the Australia market (Menzies and Orr 2014). Jenine, therefore, decided to initiate the boost juice bar which she believed that the customers would love the freshness of the fruit. She believed on love life and she decided to conduct retailing differently from the other retailers in order to develop a unique customer experience (Allis 2013). The first store she opened was in Adelaide and she did all the activities from scrubbing the floor, serving the customers to making the drinks. Family and Social-cultural Background for the Development of Her Passion for Entrepreneurship Social Mobility The social mobility played the main role in the development of the entrepreneurial person of Jenine. The migration from one place to another can trigger new ideas to most of the entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs are able to identify the gaps available that need to be satisfied by a good or a service by traveling to new places (Sarasvathy 2001). According to Sarasvathy (2001), the culture change after migrating from one place to another provides good avenues in developing a new business idea. Aliss accompanied her husband Jeff to a trip to the USA which resulted in her invention of a business idea. The trip of Jenine to the USA is what made her discover new healthy smoothie and juices that were not in existence in Australia. The movement of an entrepreneur from one place to another can serve as a new source of a business idea as the encounter of new products in new places can provide insights for an entrepreneur in identifying a gap for introducing new unique products in his /her place of residence. Family Motivation Entrepreneurs need to be motivated by the family to be able to develop an entrepreneurial passion. The entrepreneurs who have family back up are more likely to implement their business ideas by developing a product or a service (Hanke 2016). The family must develop a positive attitude towards the business idea and provide it with support. Jeff the husband of Aliss had a positive perception of the business idea and joined hands with Jenine which made her feel motivated and have the zeal for entrepreneurship. Gender Roles The gender roles can also be an important factor for developing passionate entrepreneurs in the society (Gherardi and Giampietro 2014). Jenine being an advocate for health food and being the person who was taking care of her kids by providing them with healthy food could easily recognize that most of the retail shops lacked the healthy food that she wanted to provide for her kids the snacks. Jenine as a mother, healthy living was her utmost importance and it is healthy living that drove her passion towards establishing Boost Juice bars that would provide healthy drinks and food. Customers Satisfaction The acceptance of the products by the customers in the market drives entrepreneurial passion (Bradberry 2011). The passion for Jenine to entrepreneurship was due to her brand acceptance by the customers. The customers were crying for healthy foods with fewer calories as most of the people by then were obese due to the intake of unhealthy fast foods with high calories from the retail shops. The people of Australia were looking forward to the introduction of healthy foods. The customers demands for healthy food products is what drove Jenine in starting the Boost Juice bar as she was also and an advocate for healthy living. Friends Support The moral and financial support by the friends drives entrepreneurial passion (Morrison 2006).Aliss's friends supported her during the initiation of Boost Juice bar. After the development of the business plan, she was able to raise $250,000 from her friends for investments. The passion for her entrepreneurship was therefore driven by her friends as the initial capital for the business was high for her to generate. The Business She Developed and Competitive Advantage Business Jenine Aliss is the founder of Boost juice bars whose main role is to sell healthy fruit juice and smoothies. The first store that she opened was in her home country in Australia at Adelaide. The business grew rapidly as the customers accepted the products that she made that made her opened other new stores within Australia (Pung 2008). The business grew and she was able to capture the market outside her home countries to other countries. The stores are currently operating in more than fourteen international countries. Boost has more than four hundred stores and the turnover is more than $195,000,000 (Allis 2013). Jenine Aliss is determined to spread the Boost juice stores to more countries so that it may capture the market globally. Boost juice provides an alternative for fast food options in Australia by providing the best healthy food alternative. Competitive Advantage The uniqueness of the products has been the most important competitive advantage of the Boost juice Bars (Tan and Smyrnios 2011). The Australian market is flooded by unhealthy foods, juices, and snacks within the retail shop. The Boost juice is unique as it avoids any nasty preservative, colors and artificial flavors or sweeteners that are included as part of the ingredients in the manufacturing of juices. The products are delicious juices and smoothies that offer fresh and natural ingredients with more than 98% fat-free. The Boost juices use different types of freshly squeezed vegetables and fruits. The uniqueness of the Boost Juice is what has resulted to its brand loyalty as most of the people are advocating for healthy foods that do not have additives due to the increased prevalence of diseases that result from consuming foods that are unhealthy. Boost Culture| The boost culture has also been the competitive advantage against other entrepreneurs. The love life philosophy has made it possible for Boost juice to surpass the other entrepreneurs. The relentless pursuit for satisfying the customers has been the main goal of the company by producing products that are customers centered. The brands philosophy which has been facilitated by producing products that surpass the customers expectation and recruitment of employees determined in achieving the mission of the company has been the competitive advantage against the other entrepreneurs. Future Suggestion Including Different Business or Avenue Jenine Aliss with her passion for a healthy life should not only concentrate on providing healthy food as the only means of promoting a healthy life. She was ones an assistant gym manager and should, therefore, think of introducing gym centers where people can go for exercises and pay. The health of the person is not just entangled on the healthy food he/she consume but also on exercise and health care services that he/she is able to access. Jenine can, therefore, start a hospital venture which can capture most of the customers as most of the Australians have already recognized her as an individual that aims at promoting the health of the people. The Boost juice bars concentrates on selling fruit juices and smoothies. The company can take a different direction in order to maximize its profit by availing to the customer's other types of food products in the stores. The snacks usually go hand in hand with the juices and smoothies and most of the customers like the stores that they can be able to purchase them simultaneously. The Boost Juice should, therefore, commence on diversifying their products from not only the smoothies and juices but also snacks and another form of food products. The company should ensure that the snacks and other food products retain the natural freshness to ensure that the customers retain loyalty for their products. References Allis, J, 2013.The Secrets of My Success: The Story of Boost Juice, Juicy Bits and All. John Wiley Sons. Belbaly, N and Cheruy, C, 2013. How Creative are Your Executives?.Available at SSRN 2449200. Bradberry, J, 2011.6 secrets to startup success: how to turn your entrepreneurial passion into a thriving business. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Gherardi, S and Giampietro, M, 2014. Gender and entrepreneurship as an intertwined social practice: narratives of a learning trajectory.Business and Management Research,vol.3, no. (4), p.p61. Hanke, A, 2016. Rethinking business.Books+ Publishing,vol.95, no. (4), p.16 Menzies, JL and Orr, SC, 2014. Internationalization of Boost Juice to Malaysia.Asian Case Research Journal,vol.18 no.(01), pp.175-197. Morrison, A, 2006. A contextualisation of entrepreneurship.International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, vol.12, no. (4), pp.192-209. Pung, A, 2008. Franchise Nation.Monthly, The, (June 2008), p.20. Sarasvathy, SD, 2001. What makes entrepreneurs entrepreneurial?. Tan, CSL and Smyrnios, KX, 2011. How do Australian fast-growth small-to-medium enterprises measure performance?.Journal of Enterprising Culture,vol.19, no. (01), pp.41-60.

The Bay Of Pigs Essay Example For Students

The Bay Of Pigs Essay The Bay of Pigs Invasion. The story of the failed invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs is one ofmismanagement, overconfidence, and lack of security. The blame for thefailure of the operation falls directly in the lap of the CentralIntelligence Agency and a young president and his advisors. The fall outfrom the invasion caused a rise in tension between the two greatsuperpowers and ironically 34 years after the event, the person that theinvasion meant to topple, Fidel Castro, is still in power. To understandthe origins of the invasion and its ramifications for the future it isfirst necessary to look at the invasion and its origins. We will write a custom essay on The Bay Of Pigs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Part I: The Invasion and its Origins. The Bay of Pigs invasion of April 1961, started a few days before onApril 15th with the bombing of Cuba by what appeared to be defecting Cubanair force pilots. At 6 a.m. in the morning of that Saturday, three Cubanmilitary bases were bombed by B-26 bombers. The airfields at Camp Libertad,San Antonio de los Baos and Antonio Maceo airport at Santiago de Cuba werefired upon. Seven people were killed at Libertad and forty-seven peoplewere killed at other sites on the island. Two of the B-26s left Cuba and flew to Miami, apparently to defect tothe United States. The Cuban Revolutionary Council, the government in exile,in New York City released a statement saying that the bombings in Cuba were. . . carried out by Cubans inside Cuba who were in contact with thetop command of the Revolutionary Council . . . . The New York Timesreporter covering the story alluded to something being wrong with the wholesituation when he wondered how the council knew the pilots were coming ifthe pilots had only decided to leave Cuba on Thursday after . . . asuspected betrayal by a fellow pilot had precipitated a plot to strike . . . . Whatever the case, the planes came down in Miami later that morning, onelanded at Key West Naval Air Station at 7:00 a.m. and the other at MiamiInternational Airport at 8:20 a.m. Both planes were badly damaged and theirtanks were nearly empty. On the front page of The New York Times the nextday, a picture of one of the B-26s was shown along with a picture of one ofthe pilots cloaked in a baseball hat and hiding behind dark sunglasses, hisname was withheld. A sense of conspiracy was even at this early stagebeginning to envelope the events of that week. In the early hours of April 17th the assault on the Bay of Pigs began. In the true cloak and dagger spirit of a movie, the assault began at 2 a.m. with a team of frogmen going ashore with orders to set up landing lights toindicate to the main assault force the precise location of their objectives,as well as to clear the area of anything that may impede the main landingteams when they arrived. At 2:30 a.m. and at 3:00 a.m. two battalions cameashore at Playa Girn and one battalion at Playa Larga beaches. The troopsat Playa Girn had orders to move west, northwest, up the coast and meetwith the troops at Playa Larga in the middle of the bay. A small group ofmen were then to be sent north to the town of Jaguey Grande to secure it aswell. When looking at a modern map of Cuba it is obvious that the troopswould have problems in the area that was chosen for them to land at. Thearea around the Bay of Pigs is a swampy marsh land area which would be hardon the troops. The Cuban forces were quick to react and Castro ordered hisT-33 trainer jets, two Sea Furies, and two B-26s into the air to stop theinvading forces. Off the coast was the command and control ship and anothervessel carrying supplies for the invading forces. The Cuban air force madequick work of the supply ships, sinking the command vessel the Marsopa andthe supply ship the Houston, blasting them to pieces with five-inch rockets. In the end the 5th battalion was lost, which was on the Houston, as well asthe supplies for the landing teams and eight other smaller vessels. Withsome of the invading forces ships destroyed, and no command and controlship, the logistics of the operation soon broke down as the other supplyships were kept at bay by Castos air force. As with many failed militaryadventures, one of the problems with this one was with supplying the troops. In the air, Castro had easily won superiority over the invading force. His fast moving T-33s, although unimpressive by todays standards, madeshort work of the slow moving B-26s of the invading force. On Tuesday, twowere shot out of the sky and by Wednesday the invaders had lost 10 of their12 aircraft. With air power firmly in control of Castros forces, the endwas near for the invading army. Over the 72 hours the invading force of about 1500 men were pounded bythe Cubans. Casto fired 122mm. Howitzers, 22mm. cannon, and tank fire atthem. By Wednesday the invaders were pushed back to their landing zone atPlaya Girn. Surrounded by Castros forces some began to surrender whileothers fled into the hills. In total 114 men were killed in the slaughterwhile thirty-six died as prisoners in Cuban cells. Others were to live outtwenty years or more in those cells as men plotting to topple thegovernment of Castro. The 1500 men of the invading force never had a chance for success fromalmost the first days in the planning stage of the operation. OperationPluto, as it came to be known as, has its origins in the last dying days ofthe Eisenhower administration and that murky time period during thetransition of power to the newly elected president John F. Kennedy. The origins of American policy in Latin America in the late 1950s andearly 1960s has its origins in Americans economic interests and itsanticommunist policies in the region. The same man who had helped formulateAmerican containment policy towards the Soviet threat, George Kennan, in1950 spoke to US Chiefs of Mission in Rio de Janeiro about Latin America. He said that American policy had several purposes in the region,. . . to protect the vital supplies of raw materialswhich Latin American countries export to the USA; toprevent the military exploitation of Latin America bythe enemy The Soviet Union; and to avert thepsychological mobilization of Latin America against us.. . . . By the 1950s trade with Latin America accounted for a quarter ofAmerican exports, and 80 per cent of the investment in Latin America wasalso American. The Americans had a vested interest in the region that itwould remain pro-American. .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .postImageUrl , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:hover , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:visited , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:active { border:0!important; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:active , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Pursuit Of Happiness And The Inner Resources EssayThe Guatemalan adventure can be seen as another of the factors thatlead the American government to believe that it could handle Casto. Beforethe Second World War ended, a coup in Guatemala saw the rise to power ofJuan Jose Ar,valo. He was not a communist in the traditional sense of theterm, but he . . . packed his government with Communist Party members andCommunist sympathizers. In 1951 Jacobo Arbenz succeeded Ar,valo after anelection in March of that year. The party had been progressing with aseries of reforms, and the newly elected leader continued with thesereforms. During land reforms a major American company, the United FruitCompany, lost its land and other holdings without any compensation from theGuatemalan government. When the Guatemalans refused to go to theInternational Court of Law, United Fruit began to lobby the government ofthe United States to take action. In the government they had some verypowerful supporters. Among them were Foster Dulles, Secretary of State whohad once been their lawyer, his brother Allen the Director of CentralIntelligence who was a share holder, and Robert Cutler head of the NationalSecurity Council. In what was a clear conflict of interest, the securityapparatus of the United States decided to take action against theGuatemalans. From May 1st, 1954, to June 18th, the Central Intelligence Agency dideverything in its power to overthrow the government of Arbenz. On June 17thto the 18th, it peaked with an invasion of 450 men lead by a Colonel CarlosCastillo Armas. With the help of air support the men took control of thecountry and Arbenz fled to the Mexican Embassy. By June 27th, the countrywas firmly in control of the invading force. With its success in Guatemala,CIA had the confidence that it could now take on anyone who interfered withAmerican interests. In late 1958 Castro was still fighting a guerilla war against thecorrupt regime of Fulgencio Batista. Before he came to power, there was anincident between his troops and some vacationing American troops from thenearby American naval base at Guantanamo Bay. During the incident some USMarines were held captive by Castos forces but were later released after aransom was secretly paid. This episode soured relations with the UnitedStates and the chief of U.S. Naval Operations, Admiral Burke, wanted tosend in the Marines to destroy Castros forces then but Secretary of StateFoster Dulles disagreed with the measures suggested and stopped the plan. Castro overthrew Batista in 1959. Originally Castro was not acommunist either and even had meetings with then Vice-President RichardNixon. Fearful of Castros revolution, people with money, like doctors,lawyers, and the mafia, left Cuba for the United States. To prevent theloss of more capital Castros solution was to nationalize some of thebusinesses in Cuba. In the process of nationalizing some business he cameinto conflict with American interests just as Arbenz had in Guatemala. . . . legitimate U.S. Businesses were taken over, and the process ofsocialization begun with little if any talk of compensation. There werealso rumours of Cuban involvement in trying to invade Panama, Guatemala,and the Dominican Republic and by this time Castro had been turn down bythe United States for any economic aid. Being rejected by the Americans, hemet with foreign minister Anasta Mikoyan to secure a $100 million loan fromthe Soviet Union. It was in this atmosphere that the American Intelligenceand Foreign Relations communities decided that Castro was leaning towardscommunism and had to be dealt with. In the spring of 1960, President Eisenhower approved a plan to sendsmall groups of American trained, Cuban exiles, to work in the undergroundas guerrillas to overthrow Castro. By the fall, the plan was changed to afull invasion with air support by exile Cubans in American supplied planes. The original group was to be trained in Panama, but with the growth of theoperation and the quickening pace of events in Cuba, it was decided to movethings to a base in Guatemala. The plan was becoming rushed and this wouldstart to show, the man in charge of the operation, CIA Deputy DirectorBissell said that,. . . There didnt seem to be time to keep to theoriginal plan and have a large group trained by thisinitial cadre of young Cubans. So the larger group wasformed and established at La finca, in Guatemala, andthere the training was conducted entirely by Americans . . . . It was now fall and a new president had been elected. PresidentKennedy could have stopped the invasion if he wanted to, but he probablydidnt do so for several reasons. Firstly, he had campaigned for some formof action against Cuba and it was also the height of the cold war, to backout now would mean having groups of Cuban exiles travelling around theglobe saying how the Americans had backed down on the Cuba issue. Incompetition with the Soviet Union, backing out would make the Americanslook like wimps on the international scene, and for domestic consumptionthe new president would be seen as backing away from one of his campaignpromises. The second reason Kennedy probably didnt abort the operation isthe main reason why the operation failed, problems with the CIA. Part II: Failure and Ramifications. The failure at the CIA led to Kennedy making poor decisions whichwould affect future relations with Cuba and the Soviet Union. The failureat CIA had three causes. First the wrong people were handling the operation,secondly the agency in charge of the operation was also the one providingall the intelligence for the operation, and thirdly for an organizationsupposedly obsessed with security the operation had security problems. In charge of the operation was the Director of Central Intelligence,Allan Dulles and main responsibility for the operation was left to one ofhis deputies, Richard Bissell. In an intelligence community geared mainlyfor European operations against the USSR, both men were lacking inexperience in Latin American affairs. Those in charge of Operation Pluto,based this new operation on the success of the Guatemalan adventure, butthe situation in Cuba was much different than that in Guatemala. InGuatemala the situation was still chaotic and Arbenz never had the samecontrol over the country that Castro had on Cuba. The CIA had the UnitedStates Ambassador, John Puerifoy, working on the inside of Guatemalacoordinating the effort, in Cuba they had none of this while Castro wasbeing supplied by the Soviet block. In addition, after the overthrow of thegovernment in Guatemala, Castro was aware that this may happen to him aswell and probably had his guard up waiting for anything that my indicatethat an invasion was imminent. .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a , .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .postImageUrl , .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a , .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:hover , .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:visited , .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:active { border:0!important; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:active , .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54f6d78521a071c272aa5254f3fcee3a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES MILITAR EssayThe second problem was the nature of the bureaucracy itself. The CIAwas a new kid on the block and still felt that it had to prove itself, itsaw its opportunity in Cuba. Obsessed with secrecy, it kept the number ofpeople involved to a minimum. The intelligence wing of CIA was kept out ofit, their Board of National Estimates could have provided information onthe situation in Cuba and the chances for an uprising against Castro oncethe invasion started. Also kept out of the loop were the State Departmentand the Joint Chiefs of Staff who could have provided help on the militaryside of the adventure. In the end, the CIA ke pt all the information foritself and passed on to the president only what it thought he should see. Lucien S. Vandenbroucke, in Political Science Quarterly of 1984, based hisanalysis of the Bay of Pigs failure on organizational behaviour theory. Hesays that the CIA . . . supplied President Kennedy and his advisers withchosen reports on the unreliability of Castros forces and the extent ofCuban dissent. Of the CIAs behaviour he concludes that,. . . By resorting to the typical organization strategyof defining the options and providing the informationrequired to evaluate them, the CIA thus structured theproblem in a way that maximized the likelihood thepresident would choose the agencys preferred option . . . . The CIA made sure the deck was stacked in their favour when the time cameto decide whether a project they sponsored was sound or not. PresidentKennedys Secretary of State at the time was Dean Rusk, in hisautobiography he says that,. . . The CIA told us all sorts of things about thesituation in Cuba and what would happen once the brigadegot ashore. President Kennedy received information whichsimply was not correct. For example, we were told thatelements of the Cuban armed forces would defect and jointhe brigade, that there would be popular uprisingsthroughout Cuba when the brigade hit the beach, and thatif the exile force got into trouble, its members wouldsimply melt into the countryside and become guerrillas,just as Castro had done . . . . As for senior White House aides, most of them disagreed with the planas well, but Rusk says that Kennedy went with what the CIA had to say. Asfor himself, he said that he . . . did not serve President Kennedy verywell . . . and that he should have voiced his opposition louder. Heconcluded that . . . I should have made my opposition clear in themeetings themselves because he Kennedy was under pressure from those whowanted to proceed. When faced with biased information from the CIA andquiet advisors, it is no wonder that the president decided to go ahead withthe operation. For an organization that deals with security issues, the CIAs lack ofsecurity in the Bay of Pigs operation is ironic. Security began to breakdown before the invasion when The New York Times reporter Tad Szulc . . . learned of Operation Pluto from Cuban friends. . . earlier that year whilein Costa Rica covering an Organization of American States meeting. Anotherbreakdown in security was at the training base in Florida,. . . Local residents near Homestead air force base hadseen Cubans drilling and heard their loudspeakers at afarm. As a joke some firecrackers were thrown into thecompound . . . . The ensuing incident saw the Cubans firing their guns and the federalauthorities having to convince the local authorities not to press charges. Operation Pluto was beginning to get blown wide open, the advantage ofsurprise was lost even this early in the game. After the initial bombing raid of April 15th, and the landing of theB-26s in Florida, pictures of the planes were taken and published innewspapers. In the photo of one of the planes, the nose of it is opaquewhereas the model of the B-26 the Cubans really used had a plexiglass nose,. . . The CIA had taken the pains to disguise the B-26with FAR markings Cuban Air Force, the agencyoverlooked a crucial detail that was spotted immediatelyby professional observers . . . . All Castros people had to do was read the newspapers and theyd know thatsomething was going to happen, that those planes that had bombed them werenot their own but American. In The New York Times of the 21st of April, stories about the originsof the operation in the Eisenhower administration appeared along withheadlines of C.I.A. Had a Role In Exiles Plans revealing the CIAsinvolvement. By the 22nd, the story is fully known with headlines in TheNew York Times stating that CIA is Accused by Bitter Rebels and on thesecond page of that days issue is a full article on the details of theoperation from its beginnings. The conclusion one can draw from the articles in The New York Times isthat if reporters knew the whole story by the 22nd, it can be expected thatCastros intelligence service and that of the Soviet Union knew about theplanned invasion as well. Tad Szulcs report in the April 22nd edition ofThe New York Times says it all,. . . As has been an open secret in Florida and CentralAmerica for months, the C.I.A. planned, coordinated anddirected the operations that ended in defeat on abeachhead in southern Cuba Wednesday . . . . It is clear then that part of the failure of the operation was causedby a lack of security and attention to detail on the part of the CentralIntelligence Agency, and misinformation given to the president. On the international scene, the Bay of Pigs invasion lead directly toincreased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Duringthe invasion messages were exchanged between Kennedy and Khrushchevregarding the events in Cuba. Khrushchev accused the Americans of beinginvolved in the invasion and stated in one of his messages that a,. . . so-called small war can produce a chain reactionin all parts of the world . . . we shall render the Cubanpeople and their Government all necessary assistance inbeating back the armed attack on Cuba . . . . Kennedy replied giving American views on democracy and the containment ofcommunism, he also warned against Soviet involvement in Cuba saying toKhrushchev,. . . In the event of any military intervention byoutside force we will immediately honor our obligationsunder the inter-American system to protect thishemisphere against external aggression . . . . Even though this crisis passed, it set the stage for the next majorcrisis over Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba and probably lead to theSoviets increasing their military support for Castro. In The Bay Of Pigs Essay Example For Students The Bay Of Pigs Essay Louisa May Alcott was born on November 29, 1832, in Germantown, Pennsylvania. When she was almost 2 years old, Louisas family moved to Massachusetts, the state where she lived the bulk of her life. The family moved many times over the years, usually back and forth between Boston and Concord (Mass. ). Some notable places Louisa lived were Fruitlands in Harvard, Massachusetts; Hillside in Concord; and Orchard House, also in Concord. Fruitlands was the site of her fathers attempt at Utopian living, which she wrote about in Transcendental Wild Oats, thirty years later in 1873. Louisas childhood at Hillside (later renamed Wayside by Nathaniel Hawthorne, when he lived there) served as the basis for the action in her most popular novel, Little Women, which she wrote as an adult living in Orchard House. We will write a custom essay on The Bay Of Pigs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Interestingly, these latter two houses were located next door to each other, with a walking path through the woods between. They are both still standing and open for tours in Concord.She was a versatile writer who started at an early age. At the encouragement of her father, she kept a diary as a childwhich probably helped her to discover her love and talent for writing and surely provided ideas later for her various plots and characters. As a teenager, Louisa wrote several plays, poems, and short stories. She achieved publication for the first time at age nineteen, with a poem entitled Sunlight (1851), which she wrote under the pseudonym, Flora Fairfield. The title of Ms. Alcotts first published short story was The Rival Painters: A Tale of Rome (1852), and her first published book was Flower Fables (1854), a collection of short fairy-tale stories and poems which she had originally created to entertain Ralph Waldo Emersons daughter Ellen. Louisa May Alcott wrote her first novel, The Inheritance, at age seventeen, but it went unpublished for nearly 150 years until 1997, after two researchers (Joel Myerson and Daniel Shealy) stumbled across the handwritten manuscript in the Houghton Library at Harvard University . Of course, Ms. Alcott is best known for a different novel, Little Women, which she wrote in two parts. The first volume, subtitled Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, was published in 1868, and the second volume, alternately titled Good Wives, was published in 1869. Like Jo in Little Women, Louisa also wrote many blood and thunder tales, which were published in popular periodicals of the day. She did not openly claim authorship for many of these Gothic thriller stories, however: for some, she used the pseudonym, A. M. Barnard; for others, she chose to remain completely anonymous. Her career was not restricted to writing. Beginning in her late teens, she worked as a teacher for several years and off-and-on as a seamstress. In December of 1862, at age 30, she traveled to Washington, DC, to serve as a Civil War nurse at the Union Hotel Hospital in Georgetown. The following year, she re-wrote her letters detailing that experience, to form Hospital Sketches, which was published first serially and then as a book . And, in the winter of 1867/68, Ms. Alcott became the editor of Merrys Museum, a childrens magazine . Louisa Alcott also was an avid social reformer. Abolition, temperance, and educational reform were among her chosen causes. But being a feminist at heart, she especially fought for womens rights, including suffrage. In fact, she was the first woman to register to vote in Concord . Unlike Jo in her Little Women, Louisa May Alcott never married. She died at age 55 on March 6, 1888, (two days after her father) and is buried on Authors Ridge in Concords Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, with her family. .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 , .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .postImageUrl , .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 , .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:hover , .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:visited , .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:active { border:0!important; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:active , .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0 .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5df8f114464906ed7738542fa96990a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: On The Road Vs The Bell Jar Essay Nearby are the graves of her friends and mentors Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau.

Hear, Hear!

Hear, Hear! Hear, Hear! Hear, Hear! By Maeve Maddox Dave Moloney has asked for a post on the pernicious misuse of the term hear hear as†¦Here here. Ive tried to find examples of the misspelling here, here on the web, but without much success. I did find a CD with the title Here, Here, and Here. If youve ever watched a session of the House of Commons on television, youll have heard shouts of Hear, hear! These are shouts of approval. The shouters are expressing agreement with whatever a speaker has said. For example, the Daily Mail (Online) describes the response to a remark by David Cameron that the previous administration had broken the nations covenant with [the British] armed forces: The moment he spoke this line the hall erupted in defiant shouts of hear hear and, from one man near me, bloody right. The phrase is a contraction of Hear him, Hear him, meaning listen to what the mans saying. According to some commentators, it is sometimes used ironically. Caitlyn Jenner, you are a normal woman right now, today. You dont need a man to make you a woman. Hear, hear! We reached out to Thomas, who contacted us about the Facebook meme, to tell him it was a fake. He said it just goes to show, â€Å"Everything you read on Facebook isn’t the gospel truth written in stone by Moses. You need to check your sources.† Hear, hear! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of Adjectives75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†10 Tips to Improve Your Writing Skills

Cause and Effect of Online Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause and Effect of Online Education - Essay Example People throughout the nation are looking for ways to cut their costs of living without sacrificing what they already have. Students who are trying to get an education are not typically interested in cutting out going to school so that they can get a job now. Many studies have actually shown that such a move is counter-productive in the long-run. When a student takes the time to get a degree, their earning power exponentially increases. Therefore, when an individual makes the decision to stop going to school in order to work full-time, they are actually limiting their earning potential. There is also truth in the idea that you must train to get the job you truly want rather than just the job you’ll accept. On-campus educations can cost several thousand dollars a year depending on which institution you attend. So, many students are turning to online education in order to cut back on cost while still continuing toward their degree. At Oregon State University, the average cost of full-time attendance for one year is $9435.01 while living off-campus, and $21430.01 if the student is living on campus (â€Å"Oregon State University†). Conversely, while attending the same university entirely online, the cost of one full-time year is only $8460 (â€Å"Oregon State University†). Conversely, while attending the same university entirely online, the cost of one full-time year is only $8460 (â€Å"Oregon State University†).   Therefore, we can clearly see that online education can save money. Nearly every class in the United States has felt the squeeze of the tough financial situation.   Families who used to subsist on one income have had to see their partner return to work.   Numerous High School students are balancing work and school to help out their families.   College students, who used to be able to go to school full-time with the help of financial aid, are finding themselves in the position of having to work as well.     Ã‚  

Issues in Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Furthermore, since another restaurant franchise has beaten Costa Coffee, it is essential to identify some practices that could cause the organisation to overtake Starbuck’s position in the future. Human resource management might be the solution to these strategies issues, but it is critical to determine whether the characteristics in the organisation will benefit from these practices. Three areas of focus have been selected for the report, and they include: why training leads to better outcomes, employee engagement, commitment, and negative behaviour. It is imperative to understand what training, employee engagement and negative behaviour mean in relation to the organisation. Thereafter, some studies and researches will be used to examine whether these HR strategies are helpful to institutions or not. Finally, recommendations will be made on the way forward for Costa Coffee. Costa Coffee operates in a service industry or the hospitality sector, which relies on the successful provision of services by staff members (Costa Coffee, 2014). Consumers often assess the quality of a restaurant by the experience they encounter in those facilities, so firms that grasp this concept are likely to go out of their way to exceed expectations. In the hospitality industry, it is particularly challenging to be superior based solely on tangible elements of consumer encounters since competitors can do the same. However, maintaining personal interactions with buyers can go a long in giving a company an edge over its competitors; it is at this level that companies should consider training as part of their strategy for enhancing quality of service (Pollit, 2006). Literature identifies several justifications for the use of training in the service sector generally, and restaurant businesses in particular. Companies that train their employees tend to be perceived as more professional than those who do not as this manifests in their daily interactions. Furthermore, training is

I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud | Analysis

I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud | Analysis Romantic poetry was strongly fascinated by feelings and the power of imagination. This inclination was mainly initiated by William Wordsworth who sought to change the face of poetry and the way his neoclassic predecessors perceived poetry. Wordsworth famously asserted his revolutionary views in the Preface to the second edition of the poetry collection called the Lyrical Ballads which was published in 1802. His ideas and aims mainly concerned the realms of language and subject within poetry. He rejected the neoclassical theory of poetry for its use of both upper-class subjects and unnatural poetic diction (Abrams 213). Although romantic poetry opposed the idea of rationalizing nature or approaching it in a scientific way, Wordsworth very much respected the law of nature and he did not seek to falsify it in his poems (Durrant 5). Nevertheless, he regarded the human mind as a tool, capable of achieving independence within the natural law; however not to refute it, but certainly able to transform it. William Wordsworth thoroughly asserted his ideas on subject and language of romantic poetry in his critical essay the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Thus subjects and principles proclaimed in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads were henceforth reoccurring and omnipresent in Wordsworths work. This essay aims to illustrate that his poem I Wandered lonely as a Cloud embodies the revolutionary theory of poetry asserted in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Moreover, it aims to show the intertextuality between the two compositions regarding highly romantic themes like nature, the simplification of language and the function of feelings. The first thing that strikes the reader, while reading the poem I Wandered lonely as a Cloud, is the choice of nature as a dominant subject and its exact description. The fact that William Wordsworth, like so many other romantic poets, utilized nature in his poems is likely to be originated in the contempt of the use of both elevated subjects and language. He thoroughly condemns the fact that the language of popular poetry during his time was full of gaudiness [6] and exaggerated, inane [6] diction. In the 1802 Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, he therefore argues that poetry should deal with materials from common life [7] in a [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] language really used by men [7]. Wordsworths revolutionary ideas stood in direct contrast to the predominant neoclassic notion that serious language should only be applied while dealing with noble or aristocratic subjects (Abrams 213). Subsequently, Wordsworth strongly espoused the notion of purifying language [8] in order to bring the joy of p oetry to people who lead a more rural life [8] and do not understand the sublime terms used in neoclassic poetry. In light of this concept, it becomes more obvious why Wordsworth used nature as a main subject in his work, as he did in I Wandered lonely as a Cloud. The main reason is likely to be that people who lead a rural life tend to be closer to nature than the aristocratic part of the society who lives in the city. The detailed, yet simple description of the daffodils and the landscape surrounding them, in other words the immediate and direct feelings transmitted through nature, are probably better conceivable to rural people who are very much in touch with nature. It becomes therefore apparent that I Wandered lonely as a Cloud is not solely a nature poem or a mere depiction of landscape, but that nature functions as some sort of stimulus for a poet (Abrams 214) in order to think and experience an influx [11] of feelings. William Wordsworths idea of the spontaneous nature of feelings and the calm recollection of such is distinctly visible throughout the poem I Wandered lonely as a Cloud. In order to comprehend and grasp Wordsworths complex perceptions of how feelings are to be experienced and processed, it is inevitable to first look at some excerpts from the Preface of 1802, in which William Wordsworth asserts his view on the subject of feelings, tranquility and indeed imagination: I have said that Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till by a species of reaction the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind. In this mood successful composition generally begins, and in a mood similar to this it is carried out. (1) Although Wordsworth describes a real poets feelings as spontaneous and powerful, he makes it very clear that a calm recollection of the original impressions or emotions is desirable. The feelings which enter a poets work are thus kindred to the immediate and original version of the feelings and cannot be regarded as uncontrolled or raw emotions (Sucksmith 150) anymore. Furthermore, Wordsworth describes a poet as someone who adapts an excessive habit of meditation [10] and is therefore capable both of mastering the overflow of feelings and later connecting feelings with thoughts. In a further chapter of his 1802 Preface, Wordsworth praises the state of enjoyment [50] a poet can reach by experiencing poetry in this way. The theory of poetic creation described above becomes very overt by dividing Wordsworths poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud into two parts. Lines 1 to 17 clearly depict the spontaneous overflow which the speaker, a poet himself, experiences while wandering along the lakeside in state of loneliness and passivity (Durrant 20). However, lines 17 and 18 of the poem signal a change in the poets perception of his experience. While I gazed and gazed (line 17) describes the initial and unreflective perception (Sucksmith 151) of the daffodils, it is the remaining part of line 17 and its succeeding stanza which indicate the meditative reflection on that perception (Sucksmith 151) by saying but little thought / What wealth the show to me had brought (lines 17-18). This last stanza thus illustrates both the calm recollection of the initial experience and the poets joy while contemplating and remembering these images and feelings in tranquility. This process of calm recollection can be seen in li nes 19 to 21: For oft, when on my couch I lie / In vacant or in pensive mood, / they flash upon that inward eye. The powerful state of enjoyment [50] caused by poetry and triggered by the initial and raw experience, as well as its later contemplation is, as described above, strongly accentuated in Wordsworths Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. It is also a reoccurring theme especially in the third stanza of the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. The speakers elevated emotional state becomes apparent in lines 14 to 16: Out did the sparkling waves in glee: / A poet could not be but gay, / In such a jocund company. In the last stanza, therefore in the period of recollection, the speaker still feels this joy, although it is a different kind of joy. It can be described as a more grounded, reflected and certainly less exuberant form of joy. The last three lines of the poem, lines 22 to 24, illustrate this different form of delight: Which is the bliss of solitude; / And then my heart with pleasure fills, / And dances with the daffodils. As has been illustrated by the comparison of excerpts of the 1802 Pr eface to the Lyrical Ballads concerning the processing of feelings and emotions and the respective passages of the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, William Wordsworths notion of poetic composition (Sucksmith 152) is highly visible and palpable in the aforementioned poem. In conclusion, I would like to stress how William Wordsworths 1807 poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud beautifully incorporates the many subtleties and visions concerning poetry that were asserted in the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads. In order to fully understand I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, it is thus of great importance to know how Wordsworth sought poets to perceive and process feelings or which language is best to use in poetry. By interpreting the poem in light of Wordsworths, at that time, revolutionary views, the strong dependence and connection of I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud to the Preface becomes evident. [1401]

Investigating Cameron Balloons Essay

Cameron Balloons The first business I have chosen is Cameron Balloons. I have chosen this business because it seems interesting to me about investigating a hot air balloon manufacturer. Activity Cameron Balloons manufacture Hot Air Balloons, Inflatables and also Airships, which are also known as Blimps. Cameron Balloons are also known for their special shaped balloons, which they created. Cameron Balloons have diversified into making medical products for hospitals and nursing homes. Jim Howard from Cameron Balloons and surgeon Harry Espiner teamed up to make Espiner Medical Products Ltd, which were supplied with materials by Cameron Balloons. One of their medical products is called ‘Laparoscopic Sacs’, or ‘Lap Sacs’ in short. They help with tissue retrieval. They also produce hyperslide transfer sheets which easily help transfer patients from wheel chairs to beds. This means that Cameron Balloons operates in the secondary sector, because they do not get raw materials themselves, but they manufacture the materials and sell them. They have also diversified into making medical products and supply hospitals. Other businesses in this sector include: * Aerospace manufacturing * Car manufacturing * Clothing industry * Electronics * Engineering * Energy industries * Metalworking * Software engineering * Telecommunications Industry * Tobacco industry * The main customers involved with Cameron balloons would be hot air ballooners * The main competitors involved would be other hot air balloons manufacturers (See D1 – Cameron Balloons External Influences – Business Competitors for a list of cameron balloons’ worldwide competitors) * Cameron balloons only used to make hot air balloons just like any ordinary balloon manufacturer. In 1975, Cameron balloons began making special shaped balloons. Cameron balloons have also recently began making medical products * When Cameron balloons began making special shaped balloons, they became the biggest manufacturers of hot air balloons. They also expanded by diversifying into making medical products Location Cameron balloons’ location is in St. Johns Street in Bedminister, which is in Bristol. It has many travel links (for different common types of transport) and also has many points of interest nearby. Cameron balloons have chosen a good place for the business because: * There are many transport links close to the Cameron Balloons site. Lots of major roads, including the A38 and the A4, are close to the site, Bristol Airport is 9 kilometres away along the A38, the rail station next to the site, and the M32 is 5 kilometers away. These links are important for Cameron Balloons’ suppliers, customers and staff. Good rail links mean that heavy equipment and supplies can be brought in easily; good road and rail links give employees easy access to the site. Bristol’s air and sea links are also important as more than 80% of Cameron Balloons’ output is exported. * The site in Bedminster is large enough to allow the business to expand when it needs more space. * Cameron Balloons need employees with convenient access for them to get to work. It also needed a certain amount of experts in the aeronautical industry, which was quite simple as the airport was so close to the site. * Because Cameron Balloons is one of the biggest and best ballooning companies, the reputation of it helped to attract both skilled employees and new customers. * Because there are many points of interest nearby, it should be easy to find the location of the business It was a coincidence that the location of Cameron balloons was in Bristol, as this was where Don Cameron first started his business as a sole trader. Here is a map of Cameron Balloons’ location along with a smaller map showing the main roads: Here is another map showing areas of points of interest and travel links: Ownership Cameron Balloons is a private limited company (Ltd.). When Don started the business, he was a sole trader. Owners usually make their businesses private limited companies because there are more advantages than disadvantages. The advantages and disadvantages of a private limited company are: Advantages Disadvantages Protection of Limited liablilty Profits have to be shared out amongst a potentially larger number of people Owner isn’t personally responsible for companies debts No benefit from scale economies (e.g. bulk buying, cheaper borrowing e.t.c.) If business name is licensed, it cant be duplicated by someone else Owner is accountable to shareholders for the operation and profitability of the company More capital can be raised as no limit on number of shareholders Detailed legal procedures must be followed to set up the business – consuming time and money Cheap and easy to set up If the owner has to sell any of his shareholding, he could lose his business Owner is major shareholder Financial information can be inspected by any member of the public once filed with the registrar, including competitiors Owner can raise money from friends and family Owner can sell the business if he wants to Control of company cannot be lost to outsiders – shares only sold if all shareholders agree Easier to borrow money The business will continue to run even one of the owners dies, shares being transferred to another owner Aims & Objectives The main aims of Cameron Balloons are: * To make a profit * To expand * To be the biggest balloon manufacturers * To make 500 balloons in a year and hit a turnover of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000,000 * To improve the efficiency of their balloons to help improve performance and care for the environment * To provide hospitals with medical products to help patients There are objectives for each aim. Cameron Balloons are a successful company, so they don’t have to worry about surviving at the present time unless they get hard competition from another business and start making losses, so the business mainly focuses on making a profit. They are currently aiming to make 500 balloons a year and hit a turnover of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000,000, which is about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,000,000 more than what they made in 1996. They want to make more sales than their competitors, and they have currently achieved this by manufacturing special shaped balloons. They are always trying to make a new special shape or improve the performance of their current balloons Cameron Balloons are an expanding company. They have diversified into producing medical products for hospitals. Marketed by Espiner Medical Products, Cameron Balloons have been producing ‘lapsacs’ which helps in tissue retrieval in operations. They also produce ‘Hyperslide’ patient transfer sheets, which are made from balloon fabric. The surface has no friction which helps to easily move patients from wheelchairs to beds. This could help Cameron Balloons as well as hospitals as Cameron Balloons can use their own balloon fabric, and if they have spare or scrap fabric after making balloons, they can make use of it, make profit and make less waste, which is good for the business, hospitals and the environment. Cameron Balloons wanted to become the largest balloon manufacturer in the world, which soon turned into a success after producing the first special shaped balloons. The first special shape balloon was built in 1975 and the company has produced more than 400 designs, including Disney’s Fantasia castle, a dragon, a space shuttle, several cows and numerous cans, houses and bottles. Cameron balloons always need to keep checking whether they are meeting their objectives. Only then will they be able to meet their aims. A way to help to check if Cameron ballons are meeting their objectives is by having objectives which are measurable. For example, if an objective of Cameron balloons is to make 40 balloons per month, then they can see after each month whether they are meeting their objective or not. If they are not meeting their objective, then they will know that they won’t meet their aim unless they make more balloons next month until they reach their objective and account for the previous month. But if an objective of Cameron balloons is to make more balloons than their competitor each month, then if they are meeting their objective, they still might not be successful. This is because even though Cameron balloons is ahead of their competitor, Cameron balloons won’t be making many balloons if their competitor is failing. Richer Sounds The second business I have chosen is Richer Sounds. I have chosen this business because I already have some knowledge about the business. Activity Richer Sounds sell entertainment systems. They sell their goods in three ways, which are from the stores directly, by mail order and over the internet. They had tried to diversify into selling telephones, musical equipment and videos. However, these were all unsuccessful. Richer Sounds is in the tertiary sector because it gets supplied by products but Richer Sounds don’t make the products themselves. Other businesses in this sector include: * Franchising * Restaurants * News media * Hotels * Consulting * Hospitals * Waste disposal * Real estate * Personal services * Business services * richer sounds’ main customers could be anyone as most people buy what richer sounds sell * richer sounds have lots of competitors. a competitor of richer sounds could be a retailer of anything that richer sounds sells. The main competitors could be the ones that are close to richer sounds. Richer sounds still have to keep in mind about other competitiors as well as lots of businesses sell their stock online. * Richer sounds have tried to diversify into selling other equipment, but failed, so they stay as a specialist of what they always sell * Because richer sounds hasn’t changed and stays as a specialist of certain equipment, it means they can provide better, specialist customer service, which is one of their main qualities Location Richer Sounds have 44 stores nationwide. Their first store was opened at London bridge walk in 1978 because Julian Richer was working in that area and bought the shop. After that, a store was opened in Stockport because people from Manchester were going to the London store, so if they made a store closer to them, it would mean less hassle for more people and more profit for Richer Sounds. Their main warehouse is in Lancashire. It has more than 74,000 sq ft of storage space. The products get distributed to all the stores or customers who bought something from Richer Sounds from the internet. The distribution director is Solomon Essah Essel. He and the employees that work with him are responsible for the storage and distribution of the goods in the warehouse. The warehouse is in a good location as it is near central England, and because richer sounds is a nationwide company, it means that the shops and customers can be supplied with not much hassle. It also has good travel links to hel p with delivering. Ownership Richer Sounds is an unlisted public limited company (Plc.). They became a public limited company so they could get limited liability benefits, so Julian Richer doesn’t become personally liable for the companies debts. But they do not put their shares on the stock market. This is because they do not need to get additional capital by giving their business away to people outside the business. The advantages and disadvantages of a Plc. are listed below: Advantages Disadvantages Same as Ltd. Expensive set up cost of all forms of business organisation considered Increased potential for raising finance by share issues or through other financial investors Due to public transfer of shares, more open to hostile takeover bids Due to size they can gain from Economies of Scale Tighter levels of regulation The Plc. can use its power/size to dominate a market, (e.g. purchasing competitors) Public ownership by minority shareholders does not provide them as owners with any real control of the business Large Plc.’s may suffer from diseconomies of scale By having limited liablility, the owner’s personal possessions (e.g. his/her house, car e.t.c.) can’t be taken to repay for the business’s debts. Many owners prefer choosing this type of liability. There is also unlimited liability. This can apply to sole traders, small businesses e.t.c. their personal posessions can be taken from them if their business gets into debt. Aims & Objectives Richer Sounds have aims and objectives to help keep the business moving forward. This is why they have a mission statement, which is shown below: RICHER SOUNDS MISSION STATEMENT 1. To provide second to none service and value for money for our customers. 2. To provide ourselves with secure well paid jobs working in a stimulating and equal opportunities environment. 3. To be profitable to ensure our long term growth and survival. Richer Sounds have many aims. The main one is to provide good customer service and provide good value products. Richer Sounds aim to reward employees and to be equal with everyone. Another main aim is to make a profit, which is the same with all profit making organisations. Richer Sounds don’t just pay salaries. They like it, and are generous in giving it. They also have bonus schemes for employees. Julian Richer, the chairman and David Robinson, the group managing director decide on ten goals for the business for the next 12 months which they want to achieve. One of Richer Sounds objectives is to keep the business fun. This keeps employees motivated and makes them work to their full potential. They also want to continually improve on customer service and produce new services. They also change the business to help it work more efficiently. Employees also get the chance to submit suggestions to richer sounds and they also get rewarded for it. Richer sounds also provide services for homeless people, by having touch screens available to them to help them find places where they can stay. Richer sounds need to make sure their objectives are measurable. For example, if richer sounds aim to get a certain amount of profit by the end of the year, then their objectives could be to get a certain amount of profit by the end of the month. This can help them to keep track and to help them see if they need to work harder or if they need to set a higher aim. A2 Activity One of the main differences between Cameron Balloons and Richer Sounds is that Cameron Balloons is a manufacturing company and Richer Sounds is a retailing company. Cameron Balloons also managed to successfully diversify into manufacturing medical products. Richer Sounds, however, tried to diversify into making telephones, musical equipment and videos, but failed. Location Cameron Balloons is situated in Bristol. It is good for this type of business because it has good transport links and it exports products as well, so it has a good location for doing business internationally. However, it isn’t a that much of a good position for doing business nationally, although it does have good road links. So overall, it does have a good location. The warehouse for Richer Sounds is located in Lancashire, which is a good position as it is near the midlands. It doesn’t do business internationally so they have chosen a very good position for the warehouse. It is also good to have the warehouse to be situated there because they deliver to stores all over England so it would be best to have the warehouse near the midlands. Ownership Cameron Balloons is a private limited company. The advantages and disadvantages for a Ltd. company are: Advantages Disadvantages Protection of Limited liablilty Profits have to be shared out amongst a potentially larger number of people Owner isn’t personally responsible for companies debts No benefit from scale economies (e.g. bulk buying, cheaper borrowing e.t.c.) If business name is licensed, it cant be duplicated by someone else Owner is accountable to shareholders for the operation and profitability of the company More capital can be raised as no limit on number of shareholders Detailed legal procedures must be followed to set up the business – consuming time and money Cheap and easy to set up If the owner has to sell any of his shareholding, he could lose his business Owner is major sharholder Financial information can be inspected by any member of the public once filed with the registrar, including competitiors Owner can raise money from friends and family Owner can sell the business if he wants to Control of company cannot be lost to outsiders – shares only sold if all shareholders agree Easier to borrow money The business will continue to run even one of the owners dies, shares being transferred to another owner Richer Sounds is an unlisted Public limited company. The advantages and disadvantages for a Plc. are: Advantages Disadvantages Same as Ltd. Expensive set up cost of all forms of business organisation considered Increased potential for raising finance by share issues or through other financial investors Due to public transfer of shares, more open to hostile takeover bids Due to size they can gain from Economies of Scale Tighter levels of regulation The Plc. can use its power/size to dominate a market, (e.g. purchasing competitors) Public ownership by minority shareholders does not provide them as owners with any real control of the business Large Plc.’s may suffer from diseconomies of scale The boxes in underlined italics do not apply to Richer Sounds as Richer Sounds is an unlisted public limited company Aims & Objectives Cameron Balloons’ main three aims are: * To survive or make a profit * To expand * To be the biggest balloon manufacturers Richer Sounds’ main three aims are: * To provide second to none service and value for money for their customers * To provide themselves with secure well paid jobs working in a stimulating and equal opportunities environment * To be profitable to ensure their long term growth and survival Richer Sounds make it easy for people to understand their aims and objectives because they have a mission statement. Cameron Balloons do not have a mission statement. A3 Activity Cameron Balloons have expanded by diversification into making medical products. They could also diversify again using their materials to make something else. Richer Sounds could keep trying to diversify until they manage to successfully diversify into doing something. It could benefit them just like it benefits Cameron Balloons. I think the main reason why it is easier for Cameron Balloons to diversify is that Cameron Balloons is a manufacturer, and Richer Sounds is a retailer. Location Cameron Balloons have expanded their business by diversification into medical products. They could also expand by opening a new site. This will double the amount of products they sell. They could also open it in the north since their current site is in the south. This will make it easier for national deliveries. Just like what Cameron Balloons can do, Richer Sounds could make another warehouse as it could be hard and complicated for them to distribute goods to 45 stores. As their warehouse is situated in the midlands, they could have their next warehouse in the north or south, the busiest area would be a suitable location. Ownership Cameron Balloons could become a plc as there are less major disadvantages. I think Richer Sounds shouldn’t change their type of ownership but keep it as it is because they don’t want anyone to buy their shares and because of this, they have less disadvantages as a plc., and would be better off as a plc Aims & Objectives The only similarity between Cameron Balloons’ main three aims and Richer Sounds’ main three aims is to make a profit, as they are both profit making organisations. From the other two aims, Cameron Balloons only focuses on the success of the business. However, Richer Sounds focuses on the wellbeing of the employees and the satisfaction of their customers. Both of the businesses need to have a mix of the aims. Cameron Balloons need to think more about the employees and their customers and Richer Sounds need to think about how the business could improve in the long term. B1 I will be describing three functional areas at Richer Sounds. The three functional areas I will be describing are: * Store Operations * Marketing * Customer Service Store Operations The head of the store operations is John Clayton, the operation and training director. He gets help from employees working in operations, distribution, the store service and repairs, stock control and Hi-Fi Direct. Some of the responsibilities of store operations are: * Setting each store’s budget * Checking that all the stores achieve their targets and taking action if targets aren’t being met * Communicating with stores * Deciding the minimum staffing level * Sorting out any problems with employees * Sorting out any other problems * Checking orders of stock * Organising store visits * Checking that store managers undertake health and safety risk assessments * Helping store managers and employees * Making stores suitable for the area that they are in. Marketing The marketing director is Claudia Vernon. The things that she does with the employees under her control do can be split into 4 main categories. These are: * Marketing * Design * Point of sale * Their website Customer Service John Clayton is the director of customer service, who is also the operations and training director. These are some of the things they have for customer service: * Knowledgeable and friendly staff * A national call centre * A corporate sales section * Mail order and web sales * An order line for free catalogues * Specialist customer service staff * A service and repairs section * Well laid out, welcoming stores with easy access * Demonstration rooms * Pets welcome policy * Competitive prices * 100% satisfaction guaranteed or money back * New products by known manufacturers * Full access to technical back-up and spare parts * Computerised stock control system * Web access in stores * Part-exchange scheme * A clear product key code * All repairs covered by a three month warranty * Till receipt customer questionnaire * Informative in-store catalogues * Free seasonal refreshments * Free delivery scheme * Mystery shopper scheme B2 How the three functional areas work together to support the business Operations keep everything organised and under control so there are no problems. This can help the other functional areas work better. The marketing area will be able to do its bit easier as the stock order has been checked and they know what they have to sell. The customer service area will then begin and they will try to help the customer as much as possible and resolve any problems. Example 1 (Operations) Operations organise visits to the stores to make sure everything is in order. If a store isn’t visited then something could happen without operations knowing. If an employee in the marketing department has an argument with another employee from the customer service department, and if the operations department does not sort this out, then both of the employees could be slacking on their jobs. If they slack on their jobs then the marketing department won’t be able to reach its targets. The customer service could also be a failure which would harm the business more as it involves interacting people from outside the business. This could cause losses in the store as less people could be going to it. The store may then close down. This would all be because the operations didn’t do their job properly. Example 2 (Marketing) Marketing is split up into 4 groups. If one of these areas doesn’t perform well, then that could affect the other groups and could affect the whole marketing area. The operations will have to sort this out as if it isn’t sorted out, then more work will be put on the customer service area, and if they can’t handle it, then the store could close down as above. Example 3 (Customer Service) If the customer service area isn’t performing well, then this could have a major impact on the business. This is because the employees are interacting with people from outside of the business. The business could lose a lot of customers in a short amount of time if customer service isn’t good as customers wouldn’t like the service and would stop going there and wouldn’t recommend others to go there. This could also make the store close down. If any store is disliked for some reason, then it could affect other Richer Sounds stores as well because they will be losing their reputation. B3 Richer Sounds’ main three aims are: * To provide second to none service and value for money for their customers * To provide themselves with secure well paid jobs working in a stimulating and equal opportunities environment * To be profitable to ensure their long term growth and survival How the functional areas work together to achieve the aims Aim 1 – To provide second to none service and value for money for their customers The operations area keeps things organised and make sure that stores aren’t performing less than expected. They also keep in contact with stores and the stock/prices of products are sorted and organised for the stores. Depending on the location of a store, it will be customised to adapt to the environment it is in. Any problems with store managers or employees will get sorted out. This makes things easier for the marketing area. The marketing area tries to make products sell by advertising, making them look attractive e.t.c. The customer service area tries to keep the customer satisfied. Aim 2 – To provide themselves with secure well paid jobs working in a stimulating and equal opportunities environment The operations area makes the jobs easier for the marketing area and the customer service area. They sort out any problems with store managers or employees. They set budgets for stores so they can sell products, but not buy too much. They make sure that the stores are achieving their targets, otherwise something will be done about it. They keep in contact regularly with stores and also visit them. The market area tries to make products sell and want the business to be successful. The customer service area tries to satisfy the customers so the business has an increase in their reputation. Aim 3 – To be profitable to ensure their long term growth and survival The operations area sorts and organises stock/prices of products are for the stores. Setting a budget for each store can help make a profit as well as preventing a loss. Setting targets for each store makes the employees work to their potential. Advice to store managers or employees can help a lot as it could get rid of a major problem, which could help the store improve. The market area tries to make products sell as much as they can. The customer service area try to keep customers satisfied as much as they can. C1 Richer Sounds do not call their employees by ‘staff’ or ’employees’. i think they do this because they want everyone to feel equal as much as they can, and not treat them like slaves. Also, instead of saying ‘head office’ they say ‘central office’ because ‘head office’ makes it sound more important to the others. Even though ‘central office’ makes it sound more important aswell, it is better than saying ‘head office’. Richer Sounds also use the term ‘career key timer (CKT)’ instead of ‘part-time’ as ‘part-time’ could make the part-tme employees think that they are only partly involved in the business. Instead of approaching customers by saying ‘can I help you?’ the employees use a better way which is by offering the customers a free cup of coffee or ice lolly. This is a good way to appraoch a customer as the customer will be happy that they are receiving free refreshments and at the same time can get help if they need it. Some different types of communication are: * Writing a letter * Recording a message * Reports * E-mail * Fax * Phonecall * Posting information on the internet * Meetings * Surveys * Face to face * Oral/Written feedback An example of written communication The employees are given the directors’ home numbers. This is because if they have a complaint then they can talk directly so the problem gets sorted out quickly. This helps the employees have private conversations aswell, which is why this method would be used for any problems or complaints. This also shows that the employees are trusted with these numbers and that they wont misuse them or give them out to any unknown person. An example of oral communication Meetings gather people together so that they can talk face to face and elaborate on any issues. This is an effective way of communication as more than just one person is bieng communicated, which saves time. People can also debate and have problems sorted out quickly ad effectiveley. How ICT is used to communicate and operate ICT is used in a variety of ways. Some of them are: * Customer service. This includes staying in contact with the customer until they are satisfied, helping them with product issues such as insurance, product support e.t.c. * Posting information on the internet, which could be on their website for customers, or other sites for others to see * Sending e-mails to people. Sometimes, this would be easier than going to meet the person as they could be a long distance away, or they may need to know the information as soon as possible. * Sending and sharing files with others. This saves time as people know where all the shared files are, and people don’t need to bother others for information * Having a network for ease of access for employees inside the business * Advertising * Organising products, prices, quantities e.t.c. More than one department is needed to sort these things out, so it is important that they keep in regular contact with each other * Support (this includes people from inside the business and outside the business). This also ranges from different types of communication, but ICT can be used a lot. Employees could help others who are facing a problem with ICT, they can sort out problems within the business and also outside the business C2 The functional areas need to keep in contact with each other and so do the staff inside a functional area for the business to avoid any problems.Examples of how communications methods are used inside a functional area include: * Employees could phone each other for convienece if they are a fair distance away * Someone may need to show a report to the other employees to help with improving the functional area * Someone may need to send an e-mail to another employee for privacy, or for more convinience * A meeting could be held for more convienience as instead of explaining the same thing to each employee repeatedly, it can just be explained once to all the employees together. This will also allow the employees to show their opinions regarding what is being said * Talking face to face can be useful for people talking in private, or if people arent far away so it would be easier to talk to them This is effective enough to run the functional area but it can be improved. Examples of how communications methods are used between functional areas include: * A manager could write a letter to another manager of a functional area * Julian Richer records a message weekly which all the managers can hear * Someone may need to show a report to others to help with improving the functional areas * Someone may need to send an e-mail to another employee for privacy, or for more convinience * A Fax could also be sent for the same reason as an e-mail * Employees could phone each other for convienece if they are a fair distance away The business needs to keep in contact with its customers and the other businesses it is involved with. Communcications methods used outside the business include: * An employee could write a letter to a customer for customer service * An e-mail could also be sent to a customer or another business such as a supplier * Phonecalls could be made to customers and other businesses for customer service or to sort out transactions e.g. with suppliers * Posting information on the internet may be useful for anyone. However, this can be a bad thing as rival businesses can find out about Richer Sounds and improve their own business * Surveys can be given to customers so Richer Sounds know where to improve on thei customer service * Talking face to face can help with transactions and helping customers * Advertising shows customers attractive products and prices. But this can also help rival businesses to improve on their advertising to get more customers aswell C3 Improvements which could be made to communications inside functional areas may include: * Being connected to a network so that people can stay communicated with each other and share files more easily Improvements which could be made to communications between functional areas may include: * Being connected to a network so that people can stay communicated with each other and share files more easily * Having surveys between employees to help improve on functional areas * To have a chat area for Richer Sounds’ employees only, so that they can all stay conneced to each other and help each other with problems within the business Improvments which could be made to communications outside the business may include: * Feedback. If Richer Sounds do this then they will know how to improve on their services * Having a chat area in which Richer Sounds’ customers and employees can have general conversations. This could be done by allowing people to register onto the Richer Sounds site and having an available chat area D1 Cameron Balloons External Influences Business Competitors Cameron balloons have worldwide competitors. This is because they are a large company, exports goods to customers abroad and they also have a partner in the United States, which is called Cameron Balloons US. Here is a list of some of the competitors of Cameron balloons Europe – UK Lindstrand Rest Of Europe – Excluding UK Ballonbau Worner Balony Kubicek Ultramagic Balloons US Aerostar Avian Balloon Corporation Firefly Balloons Head Balloons Australasia Kavanagh Balloons Germany Schroder As I have shown above, Cameron balloons has about nine competitors. However, Cameron balloons is a very successful company so it is hard for some companies to compete with Cameron balloons. This can narrow the list of competitors down for Cameron balloons. So Cameron balloons’ main competitors are: * Lindstrand * Ultramagic Balloons * Aerostar * Schroder Economic Conditions * Changes in interest rates * Changes in exchange rates * Inflation * The amount of unemployment * Changes in government tax Environmental Constraints * Noise Pollution * Air Pollution * Waste Pollution * Global Warming Richer Sounds External Influences Business Competitors Richer sounds have many competitors. This is because they have a large amount of products with different manufacturers. They sell products from approximately 140 different manufacturers and also sell approximately 50 different types of products. This means that their list of competitors would be very big. Although richer sounds have many competitors, they still have an advantage over some of their competitors. This is because richer sounds are specialists in certain equipment. Economic Conditions * Changes in interest rates * Changes in exchange rates * Inflation * The amount of unemployment * Changes in government tax Environmental Constraints * Noise Pollution * Waste Pollution * Global Warming * Waste Electricity D2 + D3 Impact Of Changes In External Influences To Cameron Balloons And What Is Done About It Business Competitors Cameron balloons is a very successful company and is about twice as big as its main competitor. It has also diversified into making medical products. So there isn’t much to worry about unless the competitor starts to rapidly gain more profits and expand. Economic Conditions * If interest rates go higher, and if Cameron balloons make a loan, then they will have to pay more back to the financiers. This would put them in a big dilemma if they stopped making profits. So if interest rates go lower, then that would be the best time to make a loan * If exchange rates change, then this can affect Cameron balloons depending on whether the pound is stronger or cheaper. For example, if the pound is stronger than the dollar, then the prices of imports from America will be cheaper and the prices of exports will be more expensive to American customers. But if the pound is weaker than the dollar, then imports from America will be more expensive, and exports will be cheaper to American customers. So Cameron balloons will benefit more if the pound is stronger. This is because they order materials in the UK, so there is no need for imports, but if they did import, then it would be cheap, and also, when they export, they would get more money from their customers * Inflation will mean that Cameron balloons will have to pay more for materials and will have to sell their products at more expensive prices if they want to keep getting the same amount of profit * An increase in government tax would mean that Cameron balloons would have to pay more for materials and so they would have to sell their products at more expensive prices if they want to keep getting the same amount of profit * If there is a large amount of unemployment, then Cameron balloons can let go of the employees that aren’t doing their job properly, and they could get better employees. They could also make new jobs to make space for more employees. If there is a low amount of unemployment, then Cameron balloons will have to hold onto their employees and will have to train them if necessary, which will mean that it will cost time and money Environmental Constraints * Cameron balloons don’t have to worry much about the amount of noise pollution as they have a large site and the equipment they use isn’t very noisy * Air Pollution isn’t a major factor for manufacturing the balloons but Cameron balloons have to make sure that their balloons work properly and don’t cause too much air pollution when in use * Cameron balloons have come across a solution to lower the amount of waste pollution. Using their balloon fabric, they produce medical products. They could use their scrap or leftover fabric for this so they have less waste and, at the same time, more profit * Because Cameron balloons are manufacturers, they have to make sure that they don’t contribute too much to global warming Impact Of Changes In External Influences To Richer Sounds And What Is Done About It Business Competitors If one of richer sounds’ competitors cuts prices on their products then richer sounds will cut their price as they monitor competitor’s prices. They also offer a price reduction on any product if a customer finds the same product cheaper at a different store. I think it may be hard for richer sounds to do this as they will have to constantly find cheaper suppliers otherwise they may end up with losses that could end up in bankruptcy. Economic Conditions * If interest rates go higher, and if richer sounds make a loan, then they will have to pay more back to the financiers. This would put them in a big dilemma if they stopped making profits. So if interest rates go lower, then that would be the best time to make a loan * Exchange rates don’t affect richer sounds as they are only a national company * Inflation will mean that richer sounds will have to pay more for supplies and will have to sell their products at more expensive prices if they want to keep getting the same amount profit * An increase in government tax would mean that richer sounds would have to pay more for supplies and so they would have to sell their products at more expensive prices if they want to keep getting the same amount of profit * If there is a large amount of unemployment, then richer sounds can let go of the employees that aren’t doing their job properly, and they could get better employees. They could also make new jobs to make space for more employees. If there is a low amount of unemployment, then richer sounds will have to hold onto their employees and will have to train them if necessary, which will mean that it will cost time and money Environmental Constraints * Richer sounds don’t allow any sound systems to be played in the store as someone could be affected and may complain or leave the store. This doesn’t just include customers, as employees could be affected as well. People with hearing disabilities could also be affected. That is why if a customer wants to listen to a sound system, they have to go to a demonstration room, which is sound proof, to listen to it. Richer sounds help to protect peoples hearing by having warnings in their stores and also by selling ear-plugs. * Richer sounds also try to keep waste pollution low. They accept old sound systems as part exchanges for their products. This helps keeping customers’ waste low as well as putting the systems to good use. Cardboard and wood which aren’t needed are recycled * Lights, heating and all equipment are turned off at the end of the day so richer sounds don’t contribute much towards global warming * Electric forklift trucks are used at the warehouse to prevent air pollution